Physical Science Matter

matter _______________is anything that has mass and takes up space.

element 2. All matter is made of elements. An _____________is a material that cannot be broken down into anything simpler. Scientists know of more than 112 elements. They can be found in the periodic table of elements.

metal, nonmetals, metalloids 3. Elements can be classified as _________________, ______________, or _____________________.

atom 4. An ____________ is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.

proton, atomic number 5. Atoms are made of even smaller particles. A _______________ is a particle with one unit of positive electrical charge. The number of protons in an atom is called the _________ ________ and determines which element it is.

neutron, nucleus 6. A _________________ is a particle with no electric charge --- it is neutral. Protons and neutrons are found in the center of the atom, or the __________________.

# Protons + # neutrons = _______________ electrons, atomic mass 7. Atoms also contain ___________________, which are smaller particles with one unit of negative electric charge each. Electrons move within the space outside of the nucleus. Usually the number of protons and neutrons are equal, so atoms have no overall charge. # Protons + # neutrons = _______________

compound 8. A _______________ forms when two or more elements combine. Compounds have properties different from their individual elements. Compounds have chemical formulas.

molecule 9. A ____________________ forms when two or more atoms join together and share electrons.

symbol, capital 10. Each element has a _______________. The symbol for most elements are one or two letters with the first letters always ____________ and the second letter never capital.

Dmitri Mendeleev, periodic table, 11. In 1869, ____________ _______________ made element cards and ordered the elements from lightest to heaviest. He made the cycles of elements into rows on a table and called it the ______________ _______________, because the properties repeat in cycles or periods.

solid, liquid, gas 12. A state of matter is one of the three common forms that matter can take: __________________, _______________, or ____________________.

solid 13. A _______________ stays in a definite shape with a definite volume no matter what container it is in.

liquids 14. __________________ have a definite volume, but not a definite shape.

gas 15. A ____________ has no definite volume or shape. This property allows gases to inflate things, such as balls and tires.