Normality and Skewness of Genetic Evaluations

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

1 Relative GDP per capita 2000 PPPs, OECD = countries. Estimates for Source: OECD National Accounts.

Advertisements

Who Are They? Does Insider Trading Raise Stock Market Volatility? (Economic Journal, Oct 2004) Julan Du Chinese U of HK and Shang-Jin Wei IMF and.

Pension incentives to retire Edward Whitehouse Slovenia, June 2007.

2006 J.B. Cole,* G.R. Wiggans, and P.M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD

Linear vs. exponential growth Linear vs. exponential growth: t = 0 A = 1x(1+1) 0 = 1 A = 1x0 + 1 = 1.

2006 J.B. Cole Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Genetic.

2007 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA 2007 Selection.

1 FINANCIAL AND NON FINANCIAL ASSETS OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS – Table 7IA Working Party on Financial Statistics meeting Paris, 9-10 October 2006 Isabelle.

Financial and Non-Financial Assets of Households and Institutional Investors Progress Report Working Party on Financial Statistics Paris, October.

THE ISRAELI BREEDING PROGRAM elite cows selected based on their genetic evaluations. About ½ of these cows are mated to local elite bulls, and.

2001 Interbull, August 2001 (1) Usefulness of international dairy bull evaluations Rex L. Powell Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research.

2004 R. L. Powell, A. H. Sanders, and H. D. Norman Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD

“Measuring the Information Economy” WITSA Public Policy Meeting hosted by BIAC 24 October 2002.

The international transmission of house price shocks Are there contagion effects? Olivier de Bandt (BdF) Karim Barhoumi (BdF) Catherine Bruneau (Paris.

Selection for Disease Resistance Gert Pedersen Aamand Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation.

2006 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA Fertility Trait.

ENQ Partners 2007 AUT, BEL, CYP, CHE, CZE, DEU, DNK, EST, ESP, FIN, FRA, GRC, HUN, IRL, ISL, ITA, LTU, LUX, LVA, MLT, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, ROM, SVK,

Enhancement of OECD Unit Labour Cost 3 December 2010 Eun-Pyo HONG and Frédéric PARROT Competitiveness Indicators Unit.

2007 Paul VanRaden, Mel Tooker, Jan Wright, Chuanyu Sun, and Jana Hutchison Animal Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD National Association of Animal.

Paul VanRaden USDA Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Beltsville, MD, USA 2004 Choice of Scales for Delivery of Genetic Evaluations.

1 Annual National Accounts  1. Situation of OECD annual national accounts database  2. New features of the joint OECD-Eurostat questionnaire  3 Changes.

2007 Paul VanRaden, Mel Tooker, and Melvin Kuhn Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA

2006 Paul VanRaden, John Cole, and George Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD

Genetic correlations between first and later parity calving ease in a sire-maternal grandsire model G. R. Wiggans*, C. P. Van Tassell, J. B. Cole, and.

2005 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD An Example from Dairy.

2005 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA Selection for.

Genetic interactions for heat stress and herd yield level: predicting foreign genetic merit from domestic data J. R. Wright*, P. M. VanRaden Animal Genomics.

2007 J.B. Cole Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Genetic Evaluation.

2007 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Pete Sullivan Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON, Canada

G.R. Wiggans* and P.M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, MD

2003 P.M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Genetic Evaluations.

7 th World Congr. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod Selection of dairy cattle for lifetime profit Paul M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory.

J. B. Cole *, G. R. Wiggans, P. M. VanRaden, and R. H. Miller Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville,

Paul VanRaden and John Cole Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Beltsville, MD, USA 2004 Planned Changes to Models and Trait Definitions.

Adjustment of breeding values for past and future inbreeding Paul VanRaden*, Lori Smith Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service,

Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Beltsville, MD, USA 2004 NAAB Update : Base Change, Udder Health, Longevity,

Multi-trait, multi-breed conception rate evaluations P. M. VanRaden 1, J. R. Wright 1 *, C. Sun 2, J. L. Hutchison 1 and M. E. Tooker 1 1 Animal Genomics.

2003 Paul M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Comparison of Longevity.

2003 P.M. VanRaden* and M.E. Tooker Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Definition.

Interbull meeting (1) Paul M. VanRaden and Rex L. Powell Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville,

2006 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Predicting Genetic.

2006 Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD AIPL Contributions.

2001 ADSA Indianapolis 2001 (1) Heterosis and Breed Differences for Yield and Somatic Cell Scores of US Dairy Cattle in the 1990’s. PAUL VANRADEN Animal.

2002 Rex L. Powell Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD

Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Beltsville, MD, USA Inbreeding Adjustments and Effect on Genetic Trend.

CRI – Spanish update (1) 2010 Status of Dairy Cattle Breeding in the United States Dr. H. Duane Norman Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural.

2007 Paul VanRaden 1, Curt Van Tassell 2, George Wiggans 1, Tad Sonstegard 2, Bob Schnabel 3, Jerry Taylor 3, and Flavio Schenkel 4, Paul VanRaden 1, Curt.

Bull Selection: Beef Kay Farmer Madison County High School edited by Billy Moss and Rachel Postin July 2001.

Financial and Non-Financial Assets of Households Progress Report Working Party on Financial Statistics Paris, 9-10 October 2006 Michèle Chavoix-Mannato.

World Economic Outlook

Michela GAMBA and Eun-Pyo HONG OECD/STD/STES

Policies to Make Trade Work for All

Contact: OECD Survey on Land 2008 SNA Implementation Workshop Paris, October 2011 Contact:

EAAP abstract Paul VanRaden

Net Merit Changes April 2017.

Introduction. Monika Queisser Head of Social Policy Division

Table 1. Results of BadOutput-CRS (non-oriented)

OECD Financial Accounts Databases Progress Report

UNECE Collection of Methodological Experience with Time-Use Surveys

Working Party on Financial Statistics Paris, 2-3 October 2007

Cross-Breeding What is X-Breeding?.

International comparison of health system performance and self-reported data Nigel Rice, Silvana Robone, Peter Smith Centre for Health Economics, University.

REVISIONS IN QUARTERLY GDP OF OECD COUNTRIES

Correlations Among Measures of Dairy Cattle Fertility and Longevity

Where AIPL Fits In Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the main research arm of USDA (8,000 employees with 2,000 scientists at >100 locations) Beltsville.

Increased reliability of genetic evaluations for dairy cattle in the United States from use of genomic information Abstr.

Eurostat/ITF/UNECE Common Questionnaire Agenda point 12 Hans Strelow

Stillbirth, Longevity and Fertility Update

3Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON Canada

Relationship of gestation length to stillbirth

Presentation transcript:

Normality and Skewness of Genetic Evaluations

Effects of Skewness Number of extreme bulls Rankings are ok within countries Problems when EBVs with differing skewness merged across countries Linear vs non-linear models Economic contribution to index Values linear on underlying or observed scale?

Observed vs Underlying EBV

Skewness

Data and Methods May 2006 MACE evaluations All traits (except conf.) on all scales Only bulls with domestic data Skewness computed within year Removed birth year trend by linear regression Removal had little effect for traits with small genetic trends

Protein, SCS, Longevity Skewness (Within year, for countries sampling most bulls) Ctry Pro SCS Long USA -.16 -.26 .03 POL .93 DEU .13 -.01 NZL -.10 -.29 .09 FRA -.05 -.23 .06 GBR -.48 -.25 -.06 NLD -.13 -.24 -.15 JPN .18 DNK1 .10 -.20 -.03 ESP -.33 -.30 ITA .27 -.17 -.36 CZE -.07 -.81 CAN .20 .00 HUN -.22 AUS -.19 -.09 ISR .02 -.27 1 Protein obtained from Denmark-Finland-Sweden joint evaluation

Calving Ease Skewness (Within year) Ctry Dir Mat Modl USA -.18 -.08 Thr SWE -.69 -.53 FRA -.29 -.01 FIN -.65 -.67 NLD -.37 -.21 ISR -.59 -.81 DNK1 -.55 -.17 CHE -.80 -.30 ITA -.12 -.16 CAN -.47 -.34 AUS -.60 -.42 DEU -.48 -.84 Observed scale Pilot run 1 Protein obtained from Denmark-Finland-Sweden joint evaluation

Stillbirth and Mastitis Skewness (Within year) Clinical Ctry Direct Maternal Mastitis NLD -.48 -.62 DNK -.54 -.47 -.21 SWE -.41 -.63 -.23 FIN -.52 -.69 -.24 ISR -.94 CHE -.86 -.06 USA -.10 -.32 Underlying scale Observed scale

Fertility Skewness Heifer conception rate Days to first insemination Range -.23 to .11 Days to first insemination Range -.33 to -.09 Cow conception rate Range -.20 to .10 Calving interval or days open Range -.35 to -.04

Extreme Calving Ease Bulls USA compared to foreign bulls Slightly poorer for direct and better for maternal calving ease on average Percent of extreme 100 bulls across scales 45% (direct) and 32% (maternal) of BEST 20 % (direct) and 21% (maternal) of WORST 34 % (direct) and 22% (maternal) of ALL bulls Unskewed EBVs are an advantage Economics linear on observed scale?

Transformations Cumulative normal density Exponential (Manly, 1976) Converts underlying to observed scale EBVs in threshold models Exponential (Manly, 1976) [exp(a EBV) – 1] / a Choose a to make skewness = 0

Conclusions Skewness differs by trait Underlying vs observed scale Yield and longevity fairly normal SCS always moderately skewed Calving traits, stillbirth most skewed Underlying vs observed scale Nonlinear transformations useful Consistent skewness is desired