2nd 6 Weeks 3 Week Test Review

Topic to study… Digestive System Physical / Chemical changes in digestion Energy Transformations Large Molecules Breakdown Organic Compounds Excretory System

1. What function does the excretory system do for your body? The Excretory System removes waste from the body.

2. What system is responsible for breaking down nutrients to provide energy for your body? Digestive System

3. What are the major organs of the digestive system and what job do they perform? Liver: produces bile, a liquid that is stored in the gall bladder. Bile is released into the small intestine, where it breaks up large fat molecules Pancreas: enzymes made here help break down carbohydrates and protein in small intestine.

Stomach: grinds the food into smaller pieces, gastric juices and acids break apart large protein molecules. Small Intestine: Nutrients are absorbed through the villi, where most digestion occurs. Large Intestine: Material can not be digested, liquids are absorbed, the solid is waste we call feces that leaves the body through the rectum and anus.

4. What occurs in the stomach? Muscles in the stomach grind food into smaller pieces. Gastric Juice and hydrochloric acid made in the stomach breaks apart large protein molecules.

5. What occurs in the small and large intestines? Materials that cannot be digested move into the large intestine. The large intestine absorbs much of the water still trapped in the food waste. The solid that remains is called feces.

6. Breakdown of food in the mouth is an example of what type of change? Mechanical: Teeth grind food into smaller pieces. Chemical: Saliva begins to break down complex starches into smaller sugars.

7. Identify various physical and chemical changes that occur in digestion and label each. Physical: Teeth break down food into smaller pieces / stomach muscles grind food into smaller pieces Chemical: Saliva reacts with food to break it down / Bile reacts to break down fat molecules / Gastric Juice and hydrochloric acid react to break apart large protein molecules / Pancreas produces enzymes that react to break down carbohydrates

8. Differentiate between a physical and chemical change 8. Differentiate between a physical and chemical change. How are they similar and how are they different? Physical breaks down the appearance but not what the substance is. Chemical breaks down the substance by forming a new substance. Both break particles into smaller pieces

9. What foods contain carbohydrates?

10. What do you call the substances in your mouth which help break down food? Saliva

Gastric Juices Hydrochloric Acid 11. What do you call the substances in your stomach which help break down food? Gastric Juices Hydrochloric Acid

12. What do you call the substances in your pancreas which help break down food? Enzymes

13. Use a flow chart or a diagram to show the transformation of energy from breakfast or lunch through your day. plants sun food animal solar chemical chemical chemical digestive system mechanical

14. Describe the role of digestion in the transformation of energy. Absorption Chemical / Physical

15.What compound is broken down in the digestive system for energy? Food / Nutrients Carbohydrates to sugars

16. How are foods broken down in the digestive system? http://interactivehuman.blogspot.com/2008/05/digestion-interactive-game-for-kids.html Click on link above

17. What are organic compounds? Organic Compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things.

18. What are inorganic compounds? Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Examples: Water, Salt, and acids like sulfuric acid

#19 Carbon Compounds Life as we know it is carbon based. Why? A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings. Carbon compounds in living things include: Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Proteins Fats

20 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are energy-rich compounds made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (CHO) Function: Cells use carbohydrates to get and store energy. Examples: Sugars and starches.

21 Proteins Proteins are large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. (CHONS) Proteins are made of smaller molecules called amino acids. Function: Build organelles, build body parts, helps with body defense. Examples: Hair, nails, enzymes.

#22 Lipids Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time. They are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (CHO) Function: Store long term energy. Examples: Fats, oils, and waxes.

23. What is the function of the excretory system? To rid the body of waste

24. Why is the circulatory system important to the excretory system? The circulatory system transports waste from the cells through out the body in blood to the excretory system. The excretory system gets rid of the waster depending on what type it is.

25. How does the Urinary system function? http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59257&cat_id=20607

26. How do these systems function together as parts of your excretory system?

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