Communist China Under Mao ● Industrialized China ● Increased literacy ● Class privileges ended ● One-party dictatorship ● Denied people basic rights and freedoms Overtook Inner Mongolia & Tibet

Great Cultural Revolution 1966 ● Renew revolutionary spirit and established an equal society ● Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place- students encouraged to leave school and fight anything that promoted classes ● Red Guards were students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers- some were jailed, some killed ● Fear of Capitalism- private ownership *Result was chaos* Mao’s Attempt to take back Absolute power! Mao’s own position in government had weakened after the failure of his “Great Leap Forward” (1958-60) and the economic crisis that followed. Mao wanted to reassert his authority He shut down the nation’s schools, calling for a massive youth mobilization to take current party leaders to task for their embrace of bourgeois values and lack of revolutionary spirit. In the months that followed, the movement escalated quickly as the students formed paramilitary groups called the Red Guards and attacked and harassed members of China’s elderly and intellectual population. A personality cult quickly sprang up around Mao-A cult of personality arises when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods to create an idealized, heroic, and at times worshipful image, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. To encourage the personality cult that sprang up around Mao Zedong during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, Defense Minister Lin Biao saw that the now-famous "Little Red Book" of Mao's quotations was printed and distributed by the millions throughout China.

The Red Guard Use propaganda to get people to believe in the goodness of the red guard

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping becomes new leader of China Opens markets to limited Capitalism. Command Market Mao Deng

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Located in the of the city of Beijing. Size: 109 acres. Is the location of several important Monuments and Buildings.

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Thousands of students and workers protested for democratic reforms and corruption in the government. Occupied square for 7 weeks.

Democracy—Our Common Ideal! Tiananmen Square, 1989 Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Goddess of Democracy

Tiananmen Square Protest Ends… Government used military force to end demonstration. 100’s were killed, 10,000 injured and 1,000’s “arrested” Goddess of Democracy destroyed by soldiers

Type 59 Chinese Tank 72000 lbs 8.5 feet tall 20 feet long/11 feet wide Charlie Cole Jeff Widener Type 59 Chinese Tank 72000 lbs 8.5 feet tall 20 feet long/11 feet wide Stuart Franklin Terril Jones Arthur Tsang Hin Wah

The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In Student leaders are arrested

No fighting but no peace either. Tiananmen Square, 1989 No fighting but no peace either.

Korean War North Korea invades South in 1950. United Nations acts with U.S. U.S. soldiers come from Japan occupation. China intervenes when U.S. forces neared the border Armistice signed in 1952 after 33,000+ U.S. deaths

Korean War

Vietnam War French driven out by Nationalists led by Ho Chi Minh Vietnam divided between communist and free. Government of South Vietnam supported by U.S. North Vietnam supported by Soviet Union U.S. sends in military advisors to help south defeat communist infiltration Gradually, U.S. raises troops to more than 500,000 U.S. deaths reach more than 200/week College students protest war at home Media (color TV) shows military action and Tet Offensive – Communists still strong U.S. gradually withdraws troops Vietnam falls to communists in 1975.

Vietnam