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Single Replacement Reactions A + BX AX + B Element + Compound New Element + New Compound

Single Replacement Rxns Type #1:metal replaces a hydrogen in water molecule 2 Li(s) + 2 H 2 O(l) 2 LiOH(aq) + H 2 (g)

Single Replacement Rxns Type #2: one metal replaces another metal in a compound Cu(s) + 2 AgNO 3 (aq) 2 Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)

Single Replacement Reactions Metals have different reactivities predict must predict if given metal and given compound will react or not

Single Replacement Rxns Table J is an activity series –more reactive a metal is, the easier it loses its valence electrons most activetopmost active metal at top least activebottomleast active metal at bottom use Table J to determine if reaction will occur

Single Replacement Rxns rule: metal CAN replace any metal listed BELOW itself on table J - CANNOT replace metal listed above itself on table J

Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) ? What is the metal and the metal cation it wants to replace? Ag and Cu+2 Locate Ag and Cu on Table J NOT Ag below Cu so reaction will NOT go Ag is less reactive than Cu

Cu(s) + 2 AgNO 3 (aq) ? What is the metal and the metal cation? Cu and Ag +1 Locate Cu and Ag in Table J Cu is above Ag –Cu more reactive than Ag so reaction WILL go 2 Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)

Single Replacement Reactions Type #3: nonmetal replaces another nonmetal in compound Nonmetal often is halogen Halogens have different reactivities (Table J) Most active halogen = F (top) Least active halogen = I (bottom)

Single Replacement Reactions rule: more active halogen replaces less active halogen in compound in aqueous solution F 2 (g) + 2 NaBr(aq) 2 NaF(aq) + Br 2 (l) This reaction occurs because F 2 is above Br 2

Single Replacement Reaction Br 2 (g) + 2 NaF(aq) ? Br 2 below F 2 in Table J - reaction does NOT occurNR

Use Table J to predict if these reactions occur K(s) + ZnCl 2( aq) Fe(s) + Na 3 PO 4 (aq) Cu(s) + Mg(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Al(s) + SnCl 2 (aq) Ca(s) + KBr(aq) Ti(s) + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Cl 2 (g) + HF(aq) F 2 (g) + CaI 2 (aq) KCl(aq) + Zn(s) KCl(aq) + Zn(s) AlCl 3 (aq) + Sn(s) AlCl 3 (aq) + Sn(s) Ti(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + Pb(s) CaF 2 (aq) + I 2 (g) No No No No

Determining if a compound is soluble (aq) or NOT LOOK AT TABLE F –LiOH –Cu(NO 3 ) 2 –AgCl 2 –MgS –NaS 2 –KOH –aq –insoluble = precipitate = s –aq