The Emergence of Modern Japan

I Brief History A. Japan was ruled by Shoguns (Military Dictators who actually held power in the city of Edo) & Emperors (figure heads) who lived in the city of Kyoto B. In 1603 the Tokugawa Family seized power

#15 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1867) Tokugawa Family #1 Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603) #14 Tokugawa Iemochi (1866) #15 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1867)

I Brief History C. They: 1. Brought back feudalism 2. Closed Japan to most foreigners 3. Allowed limited trading with the Dutch in Nagasaki 4. Prohibited Japanese citizens from foreign travel

II Causes of Modernization

I Brief History

I Brief History D. Japan developed: 1. Agricultural production increased 2. Domestic business/commerce expanded 3. Cities grew from business transactions

I Brief History

I Brief History

II Causes of Modernization A. Widespread discontent: 1. Daimyo (Warrior Land owners) had land, but no cash 2. Samurai (Warriors) lacked cash 3. Business people had money, but no political power 4. Peasants had no money or power & paid high taxes

II Causes of Modernization

II Causes of Modernization B. Weak & corrupt government that forced people live in the past C. Britain defeats China in the Opium War D. The US “demanded” Japan open its country to trade, resulting in the 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa

III. Methods of Modernization

The Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)

II Causes of Modernization E. 1854 The Treaty of Kanagawa: 1. Two ports were open to US Ships 2. US Embassy 3. Opened Japan to foreign trade F. The 1887 revolt removed the Tokugawas from power G. Meiji (The Enlightened One) became the new emperor & renamed Edo Tokyo

The Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)

III. Methods of Modernization A. Modernization was called the “Meiji Restoration” B. The Meiji Restoration lasted from 1868-1912 C. Adopted the German form of constitutional monarchy, where the emperor is absolute & there is an elected legislature (Diet)

The Meiji Restoration Meiji

III. Methods of Modernization D. Western style of bureaucracy with: 1. departments of finance 2. education 3. navy

III. Methods of Modernization E. Industrialization included: 1. railroads 2. western style banking systems 3. telegraph system 4. shipyards & ports 5. copper & coal mining 6. silk & textile production improved 7. postal system 8. weapons production

III. Methods of Modernization

III. Methods of Modernization F. Universal education, based on the US system; consequently, literacy increased G. Women gained some rights in terms of education, but legally were considered children

III. Methods of Modernization

IV. Imperialism

IV. Imperialism A. Causes: 1. Japan needed raw materials for its rapid industrialization 2. Japan wanted to build an empire, like many of its American & European rivals

IV. Imperialism

IV. Imperialism B. Korea: 1. In 1876, Japan forced Korea to open up to trade with Japan 2. 1905, Japan defeated China & Russia as a result, it gained control of Korea 3. 1910, Japan annexed Korea & made it part of the “Japanese Empire” 4. Japan exploited Korea in terms of natural resources & human rights abuses

IV. Imperialism C. Sino (Chinese) War: 1894 Japan easily defeated China, took control of Taiwan, Pescadores Islands & Chinese sea ports

IV. Imperialism D. Russo-Japanese War: 1904 Japan defeated Russia & took control of Korea & parts of Manchuria (NE China, NE Mongolia, SE Russia & NW Korea)

IV. Imperialism