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What this presentation covers: Frequently Asked Questions 3 Steps in Referencing In-Text References: rules and examples End-Text References: rules and examples Introduction to the online guide on APA Referencing © Central Institute of Technology 2

What is Referencing? Referencing is a method of acknowledging sources of information that you have used in your written work. The APA (American Psychological Association) 6 th edition is the method now used at Central Institute of Technology. © Central Institute of Technology 4

Why do you reference? To show where you got the information from. To demonstrate how much research you did. To allow the reader (your lecturer) to be able to find and check the information. Study, 2007 © Central Institute of Technology 5

If you: quote (use someone elses exact words) paraphrase (convert someone elses ideas into your own words) summarise (use a brief account of someone elses ideas) copy (use statistics, figures, tables, images) Rottnest Island, 2008 © Central Institute of Technology

When do you not need to give references? References are not required for items of general knowledge or common knowledge. Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used. An example: Rottnest Island is home to the quokka which is an Australian native animal. Quokka, 2008 © Central Institute of Technology

What if you dont reference? Plagiarism is the term used when someone copies another persons ideas or opinions as their own and doesnt acknowledge the original source of the information. Plagiarism, whether deliberate or accidental, is a form of cheating and is not acceptable. Remember, if you plagiarise in your assignment you may fail © Central Institute of Technology 8

Where can referencing information be found ? Book On the title page for the title, author and publisher On the back of the title page for the place and year of publication Journal/Magazine On the cover On the second page Down the spine © Central Institute of Technology 9

Step 1 When taking notes for an essay topic, write down all the relevant bibliographic details of your information source. For a book: author year of publication title edition place of publication publisher Note taking, 2007 © Central Institute of Technology 11

Step 2 Insert a brief citation at the appropriate place within the text of your essay where this information is used. Example of an In-Text Reference: Langford, 2002, p. 22 © Central Institute of Technology 12

Step 3 At the end of your assignment add a Reference List containing your information sources with full citations. Example of an End-Text Reference: Langford, M. (2002). Basic photography. Oxford: Focal Press. © Central Institute of Technology 13

General Rules for In-Text References Include: authors surname year of publication (latest edition) page numbers (if appropriate) Page numbers are not necessary when you summarise or paraphrase another persons ideas or opinions Example: …(Jones, 2010) OR Jones (2010)… Page numbers are only necessary when you use precise information or a quotation Example: …(Douglas, 2009, p. 22) OR Douglas (2009, p.22)… © Central Institute of Technology

General Rules for End-Text References List references in alphabetical order by author Where there is no author, use the title Use italics or underlining to indicate titles Separate each element of the citation with a full stop Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces © Central Institute of Technology

authors surname and initials year of publication title of book (underline or use italics) edition (if not the first) place of publication publisher © Central Institute of Technology

Book with Single Author Baker, C. (2004). Western Australia: Short stay guide. Sydney: Little Hills Press. © Central Institute of Technology

Book with Multiple Authors Ashworth, S., Turner, R., & Egger, S. (2004). Western Australia. Footscray: Lonely Planet Publications. © Central Institute of Technology

Printed Journal/Magazine Article authors surname and initials year of publication title of article name of journal (underline or use italics) volume number issue number or date page number(s) © Central Institute of Technology

Printed Journal/Magazine Article © Central Institute of Technology Adam, C. (2010). Island dreaming. Travel Weekly, (130),

authors surname and initials (or sponsor) year of creation (or update year) title of web page (underline or use italics) Retrieved from name of URL (web address) © Central Institute of Technology

Copyright Ecotourism Australia © 2011 Web Page Ecotourism Australia. (2011). Welcome to ecotourism Australia. Retrieved from © Central Institute of Technology

If you require further assistance with referencing: Ask at the Library Service Desk Check out the online guide on APA Referencing on the library © Central Institute of Technology 25

Library Website: Links to APA Referencing Guide

© Central Institute of Technology Reference List for Images Note taking. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft. Quokka [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from Study [Image]. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.