Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on absolute mean difference of multiple neighboring pixels Source: Journal of Visual Communication and.

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Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on absolute mean difference of multiple neighboring pixels Source: Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation Authors: Xin Liao, Changwen Shu Speaker: Ying-Ching Kuo Date: 2017/02/02

Outline Related Works Proposed Scheme Experimental Result Conclusion

Related Work-complexity of image blocks 9 7 8 10 12 13 14 1 5 6 4 11 2 3 r 2 1 6 4 5 Case 3: 9 7 Case 1: 3 Case 2: Case 1: Case 2: Case 3:

Proposed Scheme(1/3)-Overview Content owner Original image Encryption key Image encryption Encrypted Image Data hider Receiver Additional data Data hiding key Data embedding Encryption key Data embedding ratio Stego image Image decryption Marked decrypted image Data hiding key Data extraction & image recovery Data embedding ratio Recovered image & extracted data

Estimate the complexity Proposed Scheme(2/3) S0 S1 original block 1 4 3 2 5 8 9 10 6 7 encrypted block 150 151 147 148 149 146 159 158 157 145 144 145 144 148 149 146 152 153 151 157 147 150 159 158 stego block Image encryption: Cx, y = Px, y ⊕ ke ke = (10010111)2 Data embedding: Cx, y’ = Cx, y flip 3 LSBs embedded 0 in S0 1 4 5 2 8 9 7 13 3 6 15 14 H0 H1 H0 H1 6 7 3 2 5 15 14 10 4 1 8 9 decrypted block 1 4 5 2 8 9 7 13 3 6 15 14 decrypted block with flipped 3 LSBs Data extraction & image recovery: Px, y’ = Dx, y flip 3 LSBs Image decryption: Dx, y = Cx, y’ ⊕ ke Estimate the complexity of H0 & H1

Proposed Scheme(3/3) 1 4 5 2 8 9 7 13 3 6 15 14 H0 H1

Experimental Result(1/3)

Experimental Result(2/3) PSNR values with different embedding ratios. p 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 PSNR 37.85 38.40 38.91 39.48 40.14 40.90 41.86 43.08 44.81 47.81 X. Zhang, Reversible data hiding in encrypted images, IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 18 (4) (2011) 255–258. W. Hong, T. Chen, H. Wu, An improved reversible data hiding in encrypted images using side match, IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 19 (4) (2012) 199–202.

Experimental Result(3/3) Comparisons of average EER(%) with respect to block sizes when p=1.0 . block size 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 Zhang 26.33 10.11 5.17 3.17 2.17 1.58 1.41 1.16 1.06 0.81 0.74 0.68 Hong 13.01 5.59 3.13 1.96 1.87 1.25 1.29 1.14 1.04 0.94 0.93 0.75 Proposed 13.70 5.74 2.84 1.62 1.39 0.76 0.69 0.44 0.54 0.41 0.40 0.31 Comparisons of average EER(%) with respect to block sizes when p=0.5 . block size 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 Zhang 14.67 6.90 4.14 2.79 2.05 1.66 1.56 1.32 1.44 1.28 1.17 1.11 Hong 8.25 4.23 2.93 2.01 1.82 1.50 1.59 1.39 1.42 1.45 1.34 Proposed 8.50 3.99 2.68 1.26 0.84 0.88 0.66 0.89 0.99 Comparisons of average EER(%) with respect to block sizes when p=0.1 . block size 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 Zhang 3.16 1.79 1.27 0.96 0.81 0.74 0.79 0.77 0.89 0.85 0.91 Hong 1.97 1.19 0.94 0.63 0.61 0.65 0.70 0.92 0.76 Proposed 1.91 1.17 0.71 0.50 0.57 0.38 0.46 0.53 0.56 X. Zhang, Reversible data hiding in encrypted images, IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 18 (4) (2011) 255–258. W. Hong, T. Chen, H. Wu, An improved reversible data hiding in encrypted images using side match, IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 19 (4) (2012) 199–202.

Conclusion Design a function to estimate the complexity of image blocks sufficiently. The data embedding ratio is considered when this method is performed.