REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS.

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Presentation transcript:

REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS

1. Combustion (Extreme Oxidation) 2. Elimination (Dehydration) 3. Condensation

4. Substitution This reaction with the Lucas Reagent (ZnCl2) is a qualitative test for the different types of alcohols because the rate of the reaction differs greatly for a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol. The difference in rates is due to the solubility of the resulting alkyl halides Tertiary Alcohol turns cloudy immediately (the alkyl halide is not soluble in water and precipitates out) Secondary Alcohol  turns cloudy after 5 minutes Primary Alcohol  takes much longer than 5 minutes to turn cloudy

5. Oxidation Uses an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). This reaction can also be used as a qualitative test for the different types of alcohols because there is a distinct colour change. dichromate  chromium 3+ (orange)  (green) permanganate  manganese (IV) oxide (purple)  (brown)

6. Acid-Base Reactions Like water, alcohols can act as an acid or base, depending on what it is reacting with. When they react as an acid, the alkyl oxide ion (R-CH2O-) is formed. When they react as a base, the alkyl oxonium ion (R-CH2OH2+) is formed

Preparation of Alcohols 1. Hydration of an Alkene 2. Oxidation of an Alkene This reaction uses an oxidizing agent like KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 to produce a “diol”.