1. Alcohols

2. Recap:  Acidity of ethanol and water  Video Video  Acidity of ethanol and 2-chloroethanol

3. Preparation of Alcohols  Method 1 – Electrophilic Addition followed by Hydrolysis (laboratory method) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3

4. Preparation of Alcohols  Method 2 (industrial method)

5. Preparation of Alcohols  NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF HALOGENOALKANES CH 3 CHBrCH 2 CH 3

6. Preparation of Alcohols  REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, ALDEHYDES OR KETONES  LiAlH 4 in dry ether

10. Reactions of Alcohols with Na  with RCOOH with HX / PX 3 with conc. H 2 SO 4

11. COMBUSTION  With a good supply of air, alcohols burn with a pale blue (non-luminous) flame to give carbon dioxide and water.  C 2 H 5 OH(l) + 3O 2 (g)  2CO 2 (g) + 3H 2 O(l)

12. FISSION OF RO–H BOND with Na  with RCOOH

13. REACTIONS INVOLVING FISSION OF RO–H BOND  Reaction with sodium (Redox reaction or Acid–metal reaction) Effervescence observed. Gas extinguished a lighted splint with a ‘pop’ sound. C­­ 3 CH 2 O  Na  CH 3 CH 2 OH + Na + ½ H 2

14. Esterification (Condensation reaction

15. Try…

16. Fission of R-OH bond with HX / PX 3 with conc. H 2 SO 4

17. REACTIONS INVOLVING FISSION OF R–OH BOND

18. Note: VIDEOVIDEO Observations: Steamy white fumes of HC l produced. This is often used as a distinguishing test for the presence of the –OH group in alcohols and carboxylic acids. Anhydrous condition must be used as PX 3, PX 5 and SOC l 2 reacts readily in water

19. DEHYDRATION (ELIMINATION REACTION) majorminor

20. Oxidation

21. Observations: Orange K 2 Cr 2 O 7 turns green Purple KMnO 4 decolourises Tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation. Oxidation can be used as a test to distinguish tertiary alcohols from primary and secondary alcohols. VIDEO

24. TRI–IODOMETHANE (IODOFORM) TEST (OXIDATION) Yellow ppt of tri-iodomethane (iodoform) are formed.