How Cells Function 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.2 CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER How Cells Function the BIG idea All cells need energy and materials for life processes. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.1.a Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms. chemical reaction carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— chemical reaction carbohydrates, carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid carbohydrates CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— chemical reaction carbohydrates, carbohydrate lipids lipid protein nucleic acid lipids CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— chemical reaction carbohydrates, carbohydrate lipids , proteins lipid protein proteins nucleic acid CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— chemical reaction carbohydrates, carbohydrate , and nucleic acids—that support cell function. lipids , proteins lipid About two thirds of every cell is water. The properties of water are important to cell function. protein nucleic acid nucleic acids CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Cells capture and release energy. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.1.b Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells, including chloroplasts and cell walls. 7.1.d Students know that mitochondria liberate energy for the work that cells do and that chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis. chemical energy glucose photosynthesis chlorophyll cellular respiration fermentation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Cells capture and release energy. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy. All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical energy from glucose. chemical energy glucose Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that cells release energy from glucose. photosynthesis Light Energy glucose Photosynthesis carbon dioxide Cellular Respiration water Chemical Energy oxygen chlorophyll cellular respiration fermentation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Cells capture and release energy. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy. All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical energy from glucose. chemical energy glucose Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that cells release energy from glucose. photosynthesis chlorophyll cellular respiration fermentation VISUALIZATION Examine how plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.1.a Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms. diffusion passive transport osmosis active transport CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. Passive transport does not use a cell’s energy. It is the movement of materials to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport. diffusion passive transport osmosis Equal amounts of oxygen move into and out of the cell. active transport CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. Active transport uses a cell’s energy. It is both the movement of materials to an area of higher concentration and the movement of large materials. diffusion passive transport osmosis energy salt inside cell active transport CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. Active transport uses a cell’s energy. It is both the movement of materials to an area of higher concentration and the movement of large materials. diffusion passive transport osmosis active transport VISUALIZATION Observe active transport at work. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. I. Chemical reactions take place inside cells. chemical reaction A. All cells are made of the same elements. carbohydrate B. Large molecules support cell function. lipid 1. Carbohydrates protein 2. Lipids nucleic acid 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids C. About two-thirds of every cell is water. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Cells capture and release energy. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy. II. Cells capture and release energy. chemical energy A. All cells need energy. glucose B. Some cells capture light energy. photosynthesis C. All cells release energy. chlorophyll 1. Cellular Respiration cellular respiration 2. Fermentation fermentation 3. Energy and Exercise CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Materials move across the cell’s membranes. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. III. Materials move across the cell’s membranes. diffusion A. Some materials move by diffusion. passive transport 1. Concentration osmosis 2. Diffusion in Cells active transport 3. Osmosis B. Some transport requires energy. 1. Active Transport 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis CHAPTER RESOURCES C. Cell size affects transport. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. VISUALIZATION Examine how plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. VISUALIZATION Observe active transport at work.

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