G. Tripepi, K.J. Jager, F.W. Dekker, C. Wanner, C. Zoccali

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Measures of effect: Relative risks, odds ratios, risk difference, and ‘number needed to treat’ G. Tripepi, K.J. Jager, F.W. Dekker, C. Wanner, C. Zoccali Kidney International Volume 72, Issue 7, Pages 789-791 (October 2007) DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002432 Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Left panel: Schematic representation of the Knoll's study.4 Right panel: by starting with the Knoll's study we created a hypothetical situation in which only the number of controls was doubled. As shown in the figure, on changing the number of controls the risk ratio increases from 1.65 to 1.77, while the OR remains unchanged. The gray area identifies controls. Kidney International 2007 72, 789-791DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002432) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Kidney International 2007 72, 789-791DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002432) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Kidney International 2007 72, 789-791DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002432) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions