Do Auditory and Visual Stimuli Affect Heart Rate By: Drake Maguire 10th grade Central Catholic High School

Purpose Determine if watching videos while listening to music will affect a person's heart rate. Questions Do videos by themselves affect heart rate? Does the particular song chosen affect heart rate? Will the video with the song combined cause a significant effect? Does the testing result depend at all on gender?

Background Research: General Songs have been known to affect heart rate according to Pavia University Usually the change in heart rate depends on the song and person Heart rate can also change due to videos and video games Penn State found listening to music 20 to 30 minutes a day lowered heart rate. Harvard stated that music can bring heart rate back to its baseline while exercising. A study by Oxford University says that external stimuli, emotions and your condition affect heart rate.

Introduction: Heart Rate Heart Rate: the frequency of the cardiac cycle. Average heart rate for adult humans: 60 to 100 beats per minute. Things that influence heartbeat: exercise, body position, body size, medication use, illness, various external stimuli.

Hypothesis Null: The song and videos themselves and the music and video combinations will make not significantly alter heart rate. Alternate Hypothesis: 1. Music will significantly change heart rate. 2. The videos will significantly change heart rate. 3. The combination of music and video will significantly alter heart rate.

Song and Videos The song chosen was Beethoven’s 5th symphony The videos watched were “World’s Most Relaxing Video ” and another called the “Art of Snowboarding” The “World’s Most Relaxing” video was picked because nature videos have been known to calm people down The “Art of Snowboarding” was chosen because it showed stunts, which could make their heart rate faster

Materials IPad- song TV- videos Stopwatch Pencil Note Cards Consent Forms 24 participants/Experimental Subjects( 10 male 14 female ages 14 to 50)

Participant Requirements Recruitment: Human Consent Forms. family, friends, and people from school. Exclusions: No one below 14 and above 50. No one who knew the nature of the test in advance.

Procedure 1. Obtained Consent Forms 2. Gave participants note card and pencil 3. Told them to write their gender and age on the note card 4. Explained to them how to take their pulse to find there heart rate. 5. Took their pulse and then wated for 3 minutes and 30 seconds (during this period there was no sound) then took their pulse this was the control. 6. Played the song for 3 minutes 30 seconds then told them to write down their heart rate 7. Waited 5 minutes after every test and made sure heart rate recovered to baseline. 8. Played video 1- heart rate recorded 9. Played video 2- heart rate recorded 10. Played song/ video 1- heart rate recorded 11. Played Song/video 2- heart rate recorded

Variables Controlled Variables: Participants always in a quiet area Done between 12:30pm and 1:00pm Always done in the same area Manipulated Variables: Song Videos

External Stimuli Graph Pvalue = .469

External Stimuli Graph (Male) Pvalue = .406

External Stimuli Graph (Female) Pvalue = .602

Conclusion Does the song by itself affect a person's heart rate significantly? Fail to reject null. Does the video by itself affect a person’s heart rate? Is there an effect on heart rate when music and videos are played together? Does gender affect the results? Although the means did vary some they did not vary outside of chance and failed to reject the null hypothesis.

Explanation Heart rate could have started to return to baseline after the test Particular song and videos chosen didn’t affect heart rate because the appeal of them Could have been distractions in the testing room However some people did show a significant response Now planning to record heart rate during the tests with a machine and have a more narrow population People vary greatly in their, feeling, mood, intention, age, etc.

Errors/Limitations Participants sometimes had distractions (like laughing) Done in a group Only 24 people tested Pre existing knowledge? Motivation? Peer Pressure? What they did before coming to the testing area Current Health? Favorite Song/ Video? Any diseases with the heart. Did the videos or song remind them of anything?

Errors/Limitations Pulse was taken manually In future studies earphones might be used for a good hearing of the music Participants might have not liked the song or the video The pulse was taken after the tests not while they were going on Only tested the person’s heart rate and did not test other ways it affected the heart Wide range of people

Extensions In further studies, try to have something (like a machine) to monitor heart rate during the test Also test a song that has been known to affect heart rate Use earphones for clearer audio to see if results would vary Do a more narrow population of people

Bibliography Crisanti, Analeigh. “Does Listening to Music Affect One's Heart Rate”. Web. https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/2015/09/18/does-listening-to-music-affect-ones-heart-rate/. January, 1st, 2019. Oxford University. “Does Music Affect Heart Rate?”. Web. https://watermark.silverchair.com/ehv430.pdf?token. January 4th 2019. Koelsch, Stephen. “European Heart Journal”. Webhttps://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/44/3043/2293535. September, 9th, 2018. Harvard University. “How a Music May Affect your heart rate.” Web. June 2018. https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/tuning-in-how-music-may-affect-your- heart. January, 5th 2019 Strauss, Mozart. NBIC. “The cardiovascular effect of music genres”. Web. June 2016https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906829 January, 7th, 2019 Edelson, Ed. ABC News. “Music can make the heart beat faster”. Web. June 23rd 2017 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=7902380&page=1 January, 2nd 2019

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