DNA.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA

What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid Genetic material Determines inherited traits Located in the nucleus of eukaryotes Still in prokaryotes even though they don’t have a nucleus

What does DNA look like? Double helix shape (twisted ladder) DNA has three main parts: sugar, phosphate, and a base The three parts together are called a nucleotide

DNA Bases There are 4 bases: DNA will pair up (base pair) Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine DNA will pair up (base pair) Adenine and Thymine pair up Cytosine and Guanine pair up

How are copies of DNA made? DNA splits in half Each base pair will get a new match P. 332

What are mutations? A change in DNA 3 types Deletion: a base is left out Insertion: a base is added Substitution: a base replaces another Sometimes proteins can work to fix the mistake; if not, it becomes part of the genetic code Answer questions on p. 333