2007 World Population Data Sheet Malnutrition Is Still a Major Contributor to Child Deaths Presentation by Carl Haub, Richard Skolnik, and Linda Jacobsen of the Population Reference Bureau, Aug. 16, 2007 © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Global Population Growth Is Driven by Developing Countries. World Population (in Billions): 1950-2050 Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Developed Countries Have Fewer Young People, but a Higher Share of Elderly. Population by Age and Sex, More Developed Countries: 2007 Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Developing Countries Have More Young People, and a Smaller Share of Elderly. Population by Age and Sex, Less Developed Countries: 2007 Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

An Important Global Issue Is the “Demographic Divide” – The Vast Gulf in Birth and Death Rates Among Countries. Ethiopia and Germany: The Demographic Divide in 2007 ETHIOPIA GERMANY Total Population 77.1 million 82.3 million Population below Age 15 33.0 million 11.9 million Population Age 65 and Older 2.2 million 15.3 million Annual Births 3.1 million 672,000 Annual Deaths 1.2 million 821,000 Annual Infant Deaths 236,000 2,600 Life Expectancy at Birth 49 years 79 years Percent of Adults Ages 15-49 with HIV/AIDS 1.4% 0.1% Source: Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

In Many Developing Countries, Fertility Rates Are Stabilizing After Years of Decline. Fertility Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1980-2005 Source: United Nations Population Division and National Demographic and Health Surveys. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

India’s National Fertility Rate Masks Sharp Differences Among its States. Total Fertility Rate in India and Selected States: 2005 Source: Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

By Comparison, Fertility Levels May Be on the Rebound in Much of Europe. Fertility Trends in Europe: 1980-2006 Source: National statistical agencies. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

HIV Prevalence Varies Greatly Among Countries, and Is Highest in sub-Saharan Africa. Percent of Adults Ages 15-49 with HIV, Selected Countries: 2005-2006 Sources: UNAIDS, Demographic and Health Surveys. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa Have the Highest Shares of Young Children who Are Underweight. Prevalence of Underweight Children Under Age 5, by Country Source: Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies Are Also Prevalent Among Children Under Age 5. Percent of Children Under Age 5 with Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies, Selected Regions Source: Disease Control Priorities Project, “Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Disorders” (2006): Table 28.1. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Malnutrition Carries High Human and Economic Costs. Estimated Percentage of GDP Lost to All Forms of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, Selected Countries Source: The Micronutrient Initiative, Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency: A Global Damage Assessment Report. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Some Countries Have Made Progress in Reducing Malnutrition Among Children Under 5. Percent of Children Under Age 5 Who Are Moderately Underweight, Selected Countries Source: ORC Macro, MEASURE DHS STATcompiler (www.measuredhs.com, accessed August 9, 2007). © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Low-Cost Interventions Can Dramatically Reduce the Prevalence of Malnutrition. Annual Cost per Person of Nutrition Programs INTERVENTION COST Conditional Cash Transfers $70.00 - $77.00 Iron Supplements $0.55 - $3.17 Vitamin A Supplements $1.01 - $2.55 Nutrition Education $2.50 Salt Iodization $0.20 - $0.50 Source: World Bank, Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development: A Strategy for Large-Scale Action (2006): Table 1.2. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Long a Problem in Industrialized Countries, Obesity Is a Problem in the Developing World. Percent of Adults Who Are Obese, Selected Countries: 2005 Source: Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

The Share of U.S. Adults and Children who Are Overweight Has Risen Dramatically. Percent of Adults Ages 20-74 and Children Who Are Overweight or Obese, United States: 1960s to 2000s Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2006: Table 73. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

In the United States, Obesity Rates Are Highest Among Adults in Their Late 50s and Early 60s. Percent of Men and Women Ages 20 and Older Who Are Obese, United States, by Age: 2001-2004 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2006: Table 73. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Despite Rising Obesity Levels, Some Households in the United States Do Not Always Have Enough to Eat. Percent of Households and Children Who Are Food Insecure, United States: 1998-2005 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United States, 2005 (Economic Research Report No.29): Table 1-A. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Children Are More Likely to Experience Food Insecurity in Some Types of Households. Prevalence of Food Insecurity by Children’s Household Characteristics, United States: 2005 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United States, 2005 (Economic Research Report No.29): Table 6. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Women in the United States Have More Children on Average Than Women in Europe. Fertility Trends in Europe and the United States: 1980-2006 Source: National statistical agencies. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Hispanic Women Have the Highest Fertility Among Major U. S Hispanic Women Have the Highest Fertility Among Major U.S. Racial and Ethnic Groups. Fertility Trends in the United States, by Race and Ethnicity: 1991 and 2005 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Older People Are a Smaller Share of the Population in the United States Than in Europe and Japan. Population Age 65 and Older, by Country Source: Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet. © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

2007 World Population Data Sheet Malnutrition Is Still a Major Contributor to Child Deaths Presentation by Carl Haub, Richard Skolnik, and Linda Jacobsen of the Population Reference Bureau, Aug. 16, 2007 © 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU