Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle Song

The Life of a Rock Layers of sediment join together. Changes are made from pressure and heat. Melted rock cools and hardens

Rocks become smaller, and smaller, and smaller, and smaller. . . By erosion By wind By earthquake By floods By rain By slides By man

Terms to Know Weathering: the breaking up of rocks and soil Erosion: the moving of weathered rock and soil. Weathering allows erosion to take place.

Products of Weathering Clay Sand Rock Fragments (pebbles and stones)

Rocks change………….. By earthquakes By volcanoes By heat and pressure

How does rock change? Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

Three Types of Rocks Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks can change from one type to another over time Schist

Rock Classification Rocks are classified by: How they form Texture Grain size Mineral composition Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock is . . . Rock formed when layers of small particles of shell, rock, and sand join together.

Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments This process is called lithification Sediments are: Rock pieces Mineral grains Shell fragments Limestone

How do sediments form? weathering Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface erosion

Sedimentary Rock con’t…. Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock gypsum

Sedimentary Rocks How They are Made Wind and water break down the earth Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers Layers are formed and build up Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

Sedimentary Rocks Limestone Shale Sandstone Granite

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone Limestone Gypsum Conglomerate Shale

Fossils Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock and are the remains or imprints of plants and animals that died long ago.

Fossils-Life From the Past Fossils provide information about life and conditions of the past. Scientific evidence shows that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old

Metamorphic Rock is . . . Rock that is formed when pressure and heat create changes to sedimentary or igneous rock.

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock Changes due to great heat and/or pressure Gneiss

How does rock change? Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

Metamorphic Rocks What are They? Rocks that have changed They were once igneous or sedimentary Pressure and heat changed the rocks

Types of Metamorphic Rocks Schist Gneiss

Igneous Rock is . . . Rock that is formed when melted rock cools and hardens.

Igneous Rocks What are They? Fire Rocks Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma Formed above ground when volcanoes erupt and magma cools

Igneous Rocks Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens Classified by: Where they form Crystal (grain) size Basalt

Intrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface granite

Extrusive Igneous Rock Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface Pumice

Igneous rock

Types of Igneous Rocks Scoria Granite Pumice Obsidian

The Rock Cycle

The Earth Recycles Rock The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another Any type of rock can change into another type

How does this relate to plate tectonics? Plate movement drives the rock cycle Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate) Re-melts rock into magma Mountain building Folding, faulting, uplift Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

Cementation and compaction (lithification) Heat and pressure Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition Cooling and solidification Melting

Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable Your foldable should include the following: Name of each rock type How each rock type formed A brief description of rock type At least 2 examples of each rock type Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

Copy Me

Review of the Rock Cycle How are sedimentary rocks formed? What is a fossil? How are metamorphic rocks formed? How are igneous rocks formed? Give an example of each type of rock. What is weathering? Explain what erosion is.