MCAT JEOPARDY I 100 200 300 400 500 MY CHEMISTRY ROMANCE LAWS ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN BASIC UNITS OF LIVING NATURALLY & ORGANICALLY MADE MO’ MATH, MO’ PROBLEMS 100 200 300 400 500 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MY CHEMISTRY ROMANCE - 100 Define the purpose of Lewis Acid and Lewis Base. & State an example of both. Lewis Acid accepts an electron pair. Lewis Base donates an electron pair.  Lewis Base example: OH− and NH3. Lewis Acid example: NH4+ and H3O+. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MY CHEMISTRY ROMANCE - 200 At 25°C, what is pH + pOH equal? Also, what is the water dissociation constant (Kw)at 25°C? pH + pOH = 14. And Kw =[H+][OH-]= 1x10-14 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MY CHEMISTRY ROMANCE - 300 What is the product of a neutralization reaction? & In titration, which of the following combinations make a neutral solution: Strong Base + Strong Acid Strong Base + Weak Acid Weak Base + Strong Acid Weak Base + Weak Acid The neutralization reaction product is NaCl (salt). And the neutral solution is strong base + acid. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

MY CHEMISTRY ROMANCE - 400 Match the following titrations with the graphs (right): Strong Acid with Strong Base Weak Acid with Strong Base Polyprotic Acid with Strong Base Strong Base with Strong Acid The Strong Acid with Strong Base is C. Weak Acid with Strong Base is D. Polyprotic Acid with Strong Base is A. Strong Base with Strong Acid is B. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

MY CHEMISTRY ROMANCE - 500 What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for: Weak Acid Buffer Solution? Weak Base Buffer Solution? Weak Acid Buffer Solution: pH = pKa +log ([conjugate base]/[weak acid]) Weak Base Buffer Solution: pOH = pKb +log ([conjugate acid]/[weak base]) 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

LAWS ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN - 100 What is the formula for an electric field (E) at a distance (R) from a charge (q)? If the electric field was near the (+) charge, what direction will the vector point face? E=k (q/r2). If the electric field was near the (+) charge, what direction will the vector point face away the + charge. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

LAWS ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN - 200 What is the formula for electrical potential energy (U)? How much work is done on a charge if its moved in a straight path between 2 equipotential points? U=qV. No net work. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

LAWS ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN - 300 What is the formala for Ohm’s Law (V)? Explain the following affects with the resistance of a conductor: When Increased in Length When Increased Cross-Sectional Area When Temperature Increase V= iR. When Increased in Length – Resistance increases When Increased Cross-Sectional Area – Resistance Decreases When Temperature Increases – Resistance Increases 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

LAWS ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN - 400 What is the formula for the following: Electrical Power (P) Capacitance (C) Calculating Resistance (RS) w/ Resistors Series Calculating Resistance (RP) w/Resistors Parallel P= iV = i2R=V2/R C=Q/V Rs = R1+R2+R3..+Rn 1/Rp = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3..+1/Rn 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

LAWS ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN - 500 What is the formula for the following: For AC Current, Calculating Irms For AC Current, Calculating Vrms Calculating Capacitors (CS) within Series Calculating Capacitors (CP) within Parallel Irms = I max/ √2 Vrms = V max/ √2 1/Cs = 1/C1+1/C2+1/C3..+1/Cn Cp = C1+C2+C3..+Cn 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

BASIC UNITS OF LIVING - 100 List 5 differences between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell? Eukaryotic Cell vs. Prokaryotic Cell Nucleus: Present vs. Absent Number of chromosomes:More than one vs. One--but not true chromosome:Plasmids Cell Type:Multicellular vs. Unicellular True Membrane bound Nucleus:Present vs. Absent Example:Animals and Plants vs. Bacteria and Archaea Telomeres:Present (Linear DNA) vs. Circular DNA doesn't need telemeres Genetic Recombination:Mitosis and fusion of gametes vs. Partial, undirectional transfers DNA Lysosomes and peroxisomes:Present vs. Absent Microtubules:Present vs. Absent or rare Endoplasmic reticulum:Present vs. Absent Mitochondria:Present vs. Absent Cytoskeleton:Present vs. May be absent DNA wrapping on proteins.:Yes vs. No Ribosomes:larger vs. smaller Golgi apparatus:Present vs. Absent Mitosis: Yes vs. No---but has binary fission Chloroplasts: Present (in plants) vs. Absent; chlorophyll scattered in the cytoplasm Flagella: Microscopic in size; membrane bound; usually arranged as nine doublets surrounding two singlets vs. Submicroscopic in size, composed of only one fiber Permeability of Nuclear Membrane: Selective vs. not present 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

BASIC UNITS OF LIVING - 200 Define “Facilitated Diffusion” and “Active Transport” Identify which requires energy. Facilitated Diffusion is the net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration gradient with the help of carrier molecules. Active Transport is the net movement of dissolved particles against with concentration gradient with the help of carrier molecules. This process requires ATP. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

BASIC UNITS OF LIVING - 300 What are the four basic types of tissue found in the body? The four basic types of tissues in the body are: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscle 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

BASIC UNITS OF LIVING - 400 What is the difference between anabolic process and catabolic process? During cellular respiration, what is the ATP net gain for eukaryotes? The anabolic is rx that builds complex molecules and requires energy, while catabolic is a rx that breaks down complex molecules and releases energy. The ATP Net Gain: Eukaryotes = 36 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 BASIC UNITS OF LIVING - 500 According the following cycle: Where does the mechanism occur in the cell? How many turns of this cycle requires to make 1 molecule of glucose? The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner mitochondrial matrix. TCA completes 2 cycles per molecule of glucose. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

NATURALLY & ORGANICALLY MADE - 100 How does increasing molecular weight affect the boiling point and melting point of an alkane? Increased molecular weight results in increased boiling and melting point. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

NATURALLY & ORGANICALLY MADE - 200 Which form of an alkene has a higher melting point (cis or trans)? Which form of alkene has a higher boiling point (cis or trans)? The trans form of an alkene has a high melting point due to its symmetry. The cis form of an alkene has a higher boiling point due to its polarity. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

NATURALLY & ORGANICALLY MADE - 300 How do electron withdrawing groups affect the reactivity of an aromatic ring? Electron withdrawing groups deactivate a ring. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

NATURALLY & ORGANICALLY MADE - 400 Carbonation Stability is determined by the degree of substitution. II < I < III 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

NATURALLY & ORGANICALLY MADE - 500 What is the product of this reaction? A. Explanation: According to Markovnikov regioselectivity, the addition of HBR to alkenes are adding a hydrogen to the less- substituted carbon of the double bond, and a bromine to a more-substituted carbon the double bond. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MO’ MATH, MO’ PROBLEMS - 100 What is the sum of: 1.5 x 10-3 + 5.0 x 10-4 ? 2.0 x 10-3 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MO’ MATH, MO’ PROBLEMS - 200 An airplane pilot flies a jet 100 miles due north, then turns around and flies 400 miles due south. What is the difference between the distance traveled by the jet and the magnitude of the jet's displacement over the entire trip? The distance the plane travels is 500 miles: the 100-mile northbound leg, plus the 400-mile southbound leg. The displacement is the difference between the initial position and the final position of the jet. Since the jet ends up 300 miles south of where it began, the magnitude of the displacement is just 300 miles. So the difference between the distance traveled and the magnitude of the displacement is 500 miles – 300 miles = 200 miles. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MO’ MATH, MO’ PROBLEMS - 300 An object moving at 4.5 m/s takes 3 seconds to come to a complete stop. What is the magnitude of object's acceleration as it is slowing down? 1.5 m/s2 You are asked to calculate the acceleration, and are given the initial speed (v0 = 4.5 m/s), the time elapsed (t = 3 s), and the final speed (vf = 0 m/s). Apply the equation: v1 = v0 +at 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

Medical Pathway Program 7 MO’ MATH, MO’ PROBLEMS - 400 A box of unknown mass slides 40 m down a frictionless slide. If the box began at a height of 10 m above ground, what is the acceleration of the box? The force of gravity, g, is acting on the box and causing it to accelerate. However, since the box is traveling down an incline, the force it experiences will be equal to mgsin(θ) and therefore its acceleration will be gsin(θ). Using sin(10/40), we can calculate the answer to be roughly half of sin(30°) (from the 30-60-90 triangle); therefore our answer should be around 0.25g or 2.5 m/s2. 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7

MO’ MATH, MO’ PROBLEMS - 500 If the speed of light is 3 x 108 m/s, and a light-year is defined as the distance that light travels in one year, which of the following represents three light-years in meters? This is a unit conversion problem. The first step is to figure out the length of a light-year: light years = 3 x 108 m/s x 1 year By multiplying by appropriate forms of unity, we can convert the year into seconds.  Now the seconds cancel out. Since we need the length of three light-years in meters, we multiply by 3: 3 (3 x 108 m/s) (365) (24) (60) (60) 1/5/2013 Medical Pathway Program 7