NASPI PMU Data Application Classification Frank Tuffner, Harold Kirkham Electricity Infrastructure Group WECC JSIS Meeting – Salt Lake City, Utah September 11, 2014 PNNL-SA-105202

PMU Data Applications Phasor measurement units providing greater observability into the power grid Time-synchronized High data rates (30 reports/sec or 60 reports/sec typical) Different applications have different requirements. Relevant parameters of accuracy are: Amplitude Angle Frequency Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)

Data Application Classification Understand the variety of applications and vastly different data requirements Provide requirement definitions and requirement selection guidance for different PMU data applications Determine the metrics for data classification Determine quantified values for the various metrics Determine priority for various metrics in each application Understand how PMU parameters apply to the applications Bandwidth of the input signal Bandwidth for noise requirements Time synchronization Harmonic distortion Out of band interference Impulse response Latency

Initial Thoughts and Work Leverage existing definition sets and work IEEE Standard 2030TM-2011 NERC RAPIR Report NASPInet 2008 document Other NASPI working documents Initial draft sent out to NASPI Data & Network Management Task Team (DNMTT) Coordinate with “Synchrophasor Application and Metrics Guide” being developed in parallel April 12, 2019

Application Requirements Reliability Requirements Latency Requirements Data Rate Requirements Data Volume Data Security April 12, 2019

PMU Classification Class A – High Reliability Measurements Bandwidth (2) Dynamic Range Application Comments Narrow   Small Voltage Stability Monitoring/Assessment May have multiple timescales of relevance Frequency Stability/Islanding Large Situational Awareness Dashboard Email Notification Wide Short-term stability control (e.g., transient stability) Small-Signal Stability Monitoring Monitor for oscillations Long-term stability control (eg wide area frequency, transient stability) Automatic Arming of Remedial Action Schemes Out-of-step protection FACTS feedback control, Smart switch-able networks April 12, 2019

PMU Classification Class B – Low Latency Measurements Bandwidth (2) Dynamic Range Application Comments Narrow Small State Estimation   Disturbance Analysis Compliance This is offline, not control Real Time Compliance Monitoring with Reliability Standards Thermal Monitoring (Overload) Baseline Normal Phase Angle Trends Large Event Reconstruction Wide Frequency Response Analysis (Angle, Voltage & Angle Profiles, flows, Load-Resource Imbalance) Pattern Recognition/Correlation Analysis Model Validation New Applications Evaluation and Limits Definition Anomaly Characterization and Alarming (Real time alarming on hard limits & "out of normal" conditions,) April 12, 2019

JSIS Feedback Feedback needed from industry and subject area experts Adjust application categories or approach? Adjust definitions, or include new ones, to properly capture all aspects of PMU data applications? Adjust metric table values to properly define application requirements? Direct document feedback on the initial draft If you have any feedback on items missing from the original 2008 document or need to be addressed better, please let us know.

Further Information/Questions For further information or feedback, please contact: Frank Tuffner francis.tuffner@pnnl.gov 206-528-3124 Harold Kirkham harold.kirkham@pnnl.gov 509-371-6721