Debate in Philadelphia Chapter 10 – Lesson 2 Unit 5 – Life in a New Nation

Competing Plans Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Written by James Madison and Edmund Randolph Congress needed greater power over states Executive Branch to carry out laws Judicial Branch to interpret laws Larger states should have more representatives New Jersey Plan Proposed because they were worried about their votes not getting as much credit William Paterson Each state would have the same number of representatives in Congress

A Compromise Plan Roger Sherman suggested Congress have two parts called houses Senate: House of Representatives: Later called The Great Compromise

3/5 Compromise Only 3/5 of the slaves would count for the population count Northern delegates would not take action against slave trade for 20 years 1808 Slave trade was outlawed

The Constitutional Convention May 1787, 55 delegates met for the Constitutional Convention Meeting was very secretive They were challenged to strengthen the republic George Washington elected leader of Convention Delegates included James Madison and Alexander Hamilton Many fought in Revolution Wrote their state Constitutions Smartest leaders in country

Our Constitution Begins with Preamble Major Goals Establish justice Ensure peace Defend the nation Protect people’s well being and liberty Set out the following: Only national government can make money or laws about trade Left over powers (reserved powers) went to each state (Ex: schools, roads)

The Three Branches of Government Executive Branch President Commander and Chief of Armed Services Vice President Carries out laws Can veto laws Appoints Supreme Court Justices

The Three Branches of Government Legislative Branch House of Representatives and Senate Makes laws Establishes taxes Can override President’s veto Can refuse to appoint President’s candidates for Judgeships

The Three Branches of Government Judicial Branch Supreme Court Other federal courts Interprets or decides what laws mean Decides if laws follow Constitution Can overturn unconstitutional laws or President’s actions

Ratifying the Constitution Only 39 of 55 delegates signed the Constitution Benjamin Franklin was urging the rest forward Nine states still needed to ratify Convincing them would not be easy

Federalists vs Antifederalists Used to be known as nationalists Benjamin Franklin-> The Constitution was exactly what they wanted It created a strong national government

Federalists vs Antifederalists Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, John Hancock Against the Constitution Reduced power of state Will President become a king? National laws would be passed that weren’t suitable for whole nation Are the rights of citizens protected?

Men who stepped up! Thomas Jefferson argued that people should be guaranteed certain rights -> a bill of rights should be created James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay fought for the Constitution Wrote The Federalist, essays that appeared in newspapers Argued against the Antifederalist argument

Bill of Rights Delaware was 1st to sign Constitution Federalists were wanting a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify All 13 ratified by 1790 When Congress met for the 1st time under the Constitution, they made 10 amendments to the Constitution or what we now know as the Bill of Rights