TEXAS REVOLUTION

Mexican Army Arrives in Texas Tension continues to develop General Cos arrives in Texas and brings the total number of Mexican troops to 650. Rumors spread through out TX that Cos is going to arrest all the disloyal leaders and march them back to Mexico in chains Committees of Correspondence: groups formed to share political and military information

The Battle of Gonzales The first battle of the TX Rev. Called Lexington of Texas Lexington was the first battle of the American Revolution, which is how Battle of Gonzales got the nickname. Colonel Ugartechea, Mexican commander of San Antonio vs. People of Gonzales

The Battle of Gonzales Ugartechea ordered people to surrender their small cannon. The Texans refuse and send out people to gather men to fight The people buried the cannon in a peach orchard When more people arrived they dug up the cannon and hung a white flag made from a wedding dress that said “COME AND TAKE IT” The battle was short and the Mexican army retreated. (TX won)

The Battle of Gonzales

On to San Antonio Oct 9 Texan’s forces took control of the garrison at Goliad. The battles of Gonzales and Goliad convinced many Texan’s that the Mexican Army could be defeated easily. The only Mexican Army left in Texas was in San Antonio “ON TO SAN ANTONIO” Army of the People: TX volunteers commanded by SFA marched to SA B/C TX does not have any cannons they set up camp and lay siege around SA hoping that Cos will give up The TX army makes camp and lays siege: a military blockade around the city. Hoping that Cos would run out of supplies and give up.

The Consultation As the war gets started delegates from all around TX meet to decide what type of gov’t they need. 58 delegates attend. They are divided in to 2 parties War Party: oppose Santa Anna; wants an immediate declaration of independence from Mexico; wants Texas to be separate nation Peace Party: also oppose Santa Anna; wants Texas to be separate Mexican state under the Constitution of 1824

Declaration of the People The consultation voted NOT to declare independence from Mexico. They adopt a statement know as the “Declaration of the People” The statement: Pledge support for the Mexican Constitution of 1824 The only reason the TX were fighting was to oppose the rule of Santa Anna and defend themselves

The Provisional Government Provisional Government: temporary government The government was made up of a governor, lieutenant governor and a general council with one representative from each, district or municipalities Governor: Henry Smith Created a Regular Army, full-time army. Sam Houston: leader of the regular army, not given control of the volunteers.

The Grass Fight Scout Erastus “Deaf” Smith reported that a mule train of Mexican Calvary was headed to San Antonio. The TX believed that they mules carried silver to pay Cos’s army TX attacked the “silver train” and discovered that the mules were just carrying grass to feed Mexican Horses

The Battle of San Antonio After learning that Cos’s army was weak and unable to win another battle Ben Milam march the TX volunteers toward San Antonio. He knew a victory would encourage the Texas's to keep fighting The fight in San Antonio lasted 4 days. The Mexicans were driven in to the Alamo. December 9 Cos asked for terms of surrender. The capture of San Antonio was important b/c TX cleared Mexican Troops from TX soil.

Tejanos and African Americans Most stayed neutral. Those who did serve were under the command of Juan Seguin. Seguin was born in San Antonio and was against Santa Anna’s violations of the Constitution of 1824 Very few fought for the TX cause: Slavery was legal in TX Most African Americans were not willing to fight to be in a slave owning “country”

Santa Anna Arrives in TX In Dec 1835 TX declares a new conventions for March 1836 In Jan 1836 Santa Anna marches toward TX with a huge army. February 23, 1836 Santa Anna arrived in San Antonio The TX still in San Antonio began to move in to the Alamo and are trying to make it stronger; they vow to defend it

The Convention of 1836 March 1, 1836 the delegates meet at Washington-on-the-Brazos. Richard Ellis was elected Chairman George C. Childress was appointed to write a declaration of independence. The declaration was modeled after the US D of I (a list of grievances against Santa Anna) March 2, 1836 the delegates approved the D of I for Texas.

The Texas Constitution After adopting the D of I the delegates began to write a Constitution for TX. They created a Constitution that was similar to the US Constitution … they both included: 1. 3 branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) 2. Bill of Rights (guaranteed basic freedoms speech, religion, press and trial by jury) 3. Husband and wives jointly own property Slavery was made legal in Texas

The Ad Interim Gov’t B/c Mexican troops were in TX there was no way to hold elections in TX. So the convention selected official for the govt. They created an Ad Interim govt and named David G. Burnet ad interim President and Lorenzo de Zavala as ad interim Vice-President Sam Houston was made commander of BOTH the regular and volunteer armies (in the provisional government he just had control of regular army)

The Battle of the Alamo As Santa Anna and his men move towards San Antonio the TX are not prepared There are not enough troops Not enough supplies Walls around the Alamo are incomplete. Travis writes a letter to delegates appealing for help (more supplies and troops); signs it ‘Victory or Death”. Unfortunately, no support arrives.

Santa Anna has his men raise the RED Flag, which mean he will not take prisoners (all will be killed) Travis asks his men who wants to leave and all but 1 stayed to fight and die. March 6 at 5:00 am the battle begins. The TX were hugely outnumbered and outgunned By 8:00 am it was all over Santa Anna and the Mexican Army won. The battle cost Mexico a great many professional soldiers; nearly ¼ of his army was killed Texans were inspired to “REMEMBER THE ALAMO”

Remember the Alamo!!!

Goliad: A Cruel Necessity While Santa Anna was getting ready to attack the Alamo, General Jose Urrea was moving his forces towards Goliad and TX Colonel James Fannin. Fannin was unable to make a decision and stick with it. He at first was going to help at the Alamo, then he decided to stay back. General Houston orders Fannin to retreat, but Fannin delays his actions. When he finally followed Houston’s orders to leave Goliad, his troops were very slow.

Fannin and his men are trapped with out cover and with very few guns or supplies March 19 Fannin’s troops were surrounded by Urrea’s men. The Battle of Coleto Creek occurs. Outnumbered 3 to 1, Fannin asked for terms of surrender from Urrea. Fannin agrees to surrender, thinking that he and his men will be treated fairly and released after marching back to Goliad. But Santa Anna had other plans. On March 27, Fannin and 350 Texans are marched out to the prairie and executed. This event becomes known as a “Cruel Necessity” by Santa Anna; inspires Texans to “Remember Goliad!”

Goliad Masacre

Houston’s Army When Houston arrived at Gonzales he found more volunteers for the army wanting to fight. After 2 days in Gonzales he learned that the Alamo had fallen to Santa Anna As the Mexican army advanced towards Houston, he ordered his men to retreat. Houston keeps retreating with his army b/c he knows they are untrained and can’t win a battle w/out more training

Houston is waiting for Fannin and his men to help him while he (Houston) is retreating. On March 25, Houston finds out about the massacre at Goliad Houston then moves his army to “Groce’s Plantation” to finish training.

The Runaway Scrape Three Events that began the Runaway Scrape 1. Houston's continued retreating 2. The news of the Alamo Disaster and Goliad Massacre 3. Constant fear that the Mexican army would harm them. These events cause hundreds of families to gather their belonging and run toward the Sabine River. They were looking for the safety of the US

Battle of San Jacinto April 20, 1836, Texas troops camp on the banks of Buffalo Bayou, with their backs to the San Jacinto River Santa Anna is waiting for General Cos’ troops to arrive They arrive in the middle of the night The next day Santa Anna lets Cos and his men rest While Santa Anna and Cos’ men are resting Houston and the TX army Attack

Houston’s army attacks the Mexican Army The Mexican resistance lasted 18 minutes Then it was all over. TX WON and defeated Santa Anna and Cos

Victory for Texas Many Mexican soldiers ran away through the swamps. General Santa Anna was found in the tall grass dressed as a common soldier The capture of Santa Anna ends the Texas Revolution TEXAS WINS

The Treaty of Velasco The treaty of Velasco ends the Texas Revolution There are 2 Treaties of Velasco, One Public and the other kept secret. Public Treaty: Santa Anna would not fight again in Texas Mexican forces out of TX ASAP Prisoner exchange Mexican return all property they took during the war

Private Treaty: Said all of the same as the public treaty Agreed to let Santa Anna freely return to Mexico Santa Anna agreed to work to help get Texas recognized as an independent country (in other words, Texas wanted to be recognized by USA, France, Great Britain, and more as a new nation).

Texas Revolution: The Outcome By defeating Gen Santa Anna, Texas becomes a new country, “The Lone Star Republic of Texas”. Sam Houston becomes the first President of Texas. Mirabeau B. Lamar becomes the first Vice-President of Texas. The Battle of San Jacinto is the most decisive battle in history because it is such a complete and total destruction of the Mexican army and president.