LINEAR BALANCE METHOD & MATRIX SCHEDULE

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Presentation transcript:

LINEAR BALANCE METHOD & MATRIX SCHEDULE CHAPTER 3 PART 2 LINEAR BALANCE METHOD & MATRIX SCHEDULE

Lines of Balance Scheduling Method Introduction LOBSM or Linear Scheduling are planning and scheduling techniques commonly used in construction and manufacturing industries. Involves repetitive operations. Linear scheduling methods that allows balancing operations (activities is continuously and efficiently performed in each consecutive unit). Examples of projects: pavement construction, multi-housing projects, tunnels, railroad tracks and high rise building construction.

Introduction LOB in construction offers 2 main advantages: It allow project managers to see, in the middle of a project, whether they can meet the schedule if they continue working as they have been. It exposes process bottlenecks, allowing the project manager to focus on those points responsible for slippage.

Introduction LOB scheduling technique based on underlying assumption that the rate of production for an activity is uniform. Production rate of an activity is the slope of the production line (expressed in terms of units per time). LOB schedule plotted: Horizontal axis or X-axis represent Time Vertical axis or y-axis represent Units or Stages of an activity.

Example A typical project (A Housing Project) consisting of several houses where the same type of work such as foundations, brickwork, roof construction and internal trades are undertaken on each house. When the activities programmed in a bar chart, the program will look like the example in Fig. 1

Example

Example Using LOB the same operation will look like in Fig.2 Figure 2: Linear Schedule for Housing Project

LOBst Vs. Bar chart LOB Chart able to summarize a group of similar activities onto one line and consequently a large number of common activities onto a much smaller document. LOB Chart shows the rate at which the work that makes up all of the activities has to be undertake to stay on schedule. LOB Chart shows an output relationship between the different operations, not between individual activities.

Progress reporting via lob chart Lob Chart is progressed by plotting on the chart the work achieved to allow for the planned rate of completion of various trades to be compared with the actual. Rate achieved lower than planned, adjustment needed to increase the output. Figure 3 show progress of House Construction up to week 12. The Foundations are on schedule & almost complete Brickwork and Roof are running behind schedule. Internal works have not started. (anticipated rate was plotted on the chart & by extrapolation, the first 3 units will be completed 3 weeks late)

Linear scheduling methods Interpretation Of LOB Graph Location Quantity of Work Slope represents rate of progress (e.g. cubic yard per day) Duration Time

Linear scheduling methods Interpretation Of LOB Graph Location Time buffer Distance buffer When we have two or more activities, the production rate will differ from one to another. The horizontal distance between two lines represents the float of the earlier activity, we called it Time Buffer in LOB. The vertical distance between two lines represent the distance separating the two operations (called the distance buffer) Activity A Activity B Time

Linear scheduling methods General Notes LOB is done for limited number of activities LOB is done for Repetitive activities Working group is called “Team”, “Crew” or “Gang”. Default working week is of 5 working days per week and of 8 working hours per day. The rate of construction of an activity is the slope of the production line and need to keep it constant. (i.e. the lines of activities are parallel). In order to maintain the Rate of Construction to be constant , it is necessary to provide the needed crews whom can achieve the construction rate (line of balance).

Linear scheduling methods Steps required to Build Schedule by using LSM: Determine the work activities (a few activities only expected involves in LSM/LOB). Estimates activities production rates. Develop an activity sequence Formula ; Duration needed to construct 1 unit: Man Hours Required Optimum gang size * hrs/day No. of gangs needed: Units per week * hrs for 1 week Optimum gang size* hrs/day * days/week Rate of Construction: Actual no. of gangs Calculated no of gangs

Case example Housing Construction Project Given: No. of Houses: 40 units Desired rate : 4 units/week 8 working hours/day 5 days/week Buffer: 4 days Production rate for 1 unit: Activity Man hours Gang Size A 240 3 B 160 6 C 75 5

SOLUTION Operation A Duration of A = 240 = 10 days 3*8 No of gangs needed = 4*240 = 8 gangs 3*8*5 Start of unit 1A = Project Start (day 0) Finish of unit 1A = Project start + Activity duration = 0+10 = 10 days (day 10) Start of unit 40A = Start of unit 1+(n-1)* duration no of gangs = 0 + 39* 10/8 = 48.75 (day 48.75) Finish of unit 40A = 48.75 +10 days = 58.75 (day 58.75)

SOLUTION Operation B Please refer to attached LOB Full notes for the answer

SOLUTION Operation C Please refer to attached LOB Full notes for the answer

SOLUTION Plotting the LOB lines

Matrix Schedule Matrix schedule are used on construction projects where there is a large amount of repetitiveness in the building design, such as construction of offices, apartment buildings or hotels. The key principles is to keep the crews working on the same activity and consistently moving through the building in a pattern following immediately behind the preceding activity.

Matrix Schedule Matrix schedule is fairly simple, usually used for small, less complex projects. Does not have a clear way of showing interaction between different task. Matrix Schedule work by first breaking down the building into manageable sections.

Matrix Schedule Section sizes are determined by the durations for the amount of work that needs to be completed. e.g. if the matrix schedule is for pouring slabs, it would be most efficient to break the floor plan up into sections no larger than the maximum square footage of concrete that can be poured in one day

Matrix Schedule CASE EXAMPLE The project that utilize the matrix scheduling technique is the construction of 10-storey Office Building in Washington D.C. The matrix schedule was created for the cast in place concrete activity for level P3 through the ground level and for 2nd level to the roof level. Those two areas are shown on the same schedule but are not related matrix schedules due to the difference in area size and design.

Floor plan for 2nd floor to the roof floor Floor plan for 2nd floor to the roof floor. The levels were broken up in to eight sections and labeled A through H. Each section is roughly 7,000sq feet. Next the sequence was developed for each sections.

Matrix Schedule CASE EXAMPLE Activity sequence for 2nd level to roof: Using matrix schedule, duration for every activity were calculated by using daily output data from Resources Schedule Means (R.S. Means). Using formula D=Q/PR (Duration=Quantity/Production Rate). Fairly detail resource management is necessary to ensure an effective and smooth running of the construction. Too many resource at one time can cause congestion and problems with movement of crews through the building.

Matrix Schedule CASE EXAMPLE Color legend for Matrix Schedule Another interactive way to display the matrix schedule is using color legend. Color code use to represent each activities involves for the construction.

End of Chapter 3 Thank You