The “A” TEAM Ecology TEST

EXCELLENT WORK! David Anguelov Rohan Benda Emily Lindley Caden Martens Anthony Riggi Test Average: 79%

Describe what is this picture showing. Q.Q. 4/1/19 Describe what is this picture showing.

This is NOT Evolution! Darwin and others were not suggesting that man evolved from apes. They were suggesting that apes and humans share a common ancestor due to DESCENT WITH MODIFICATIONS!

Myths and Misconceptions of Evolution Ted Ed Myths and Misconceptions of Evolution

Descent with Modification Evolution Unit- Ch. 22

What Darwin Never Knew https://youtu.be/RpjUHUGDk2Y​ ​

Background and Important Names: Linnaeus- Came up with the science of taxonomy- naming and classifying organisms based on observations of similarities *of physical features (method of naming is called “binomial nomenclature”)

Carolus Linnaeus

Georges Cuvier Father of paleontology (study of fossils and life that once existed) and came up with catastrophism (all the main layers of fossils are there because of large catastrophes throughout history)

Gradualism- Slow change over time to a population or species Uniformitarianism- The same geologic process of “yesterday” are also occurring today Charles Lyell – Earth was OLDER than previously thought (millions vs. thousands of years)

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (early 1800’s) Early biologist who came up with two theories of HOW organisms develop differences over time: : Use and Disuse- If a body part is used more, it will adapt to fit habitat better (IE- Giraffe neck becoming longer over time) Inheritance of acquired characteristics- The modifications made in “use and disuse” can then be passed on to offspring **PROVEN INCORRECT!***

TIME Modern day giraffes have longer necks. Giraffes constantly stretched neck to reach treetops Original short necked ancestor TIME

In other words, if you spend your entire adult life weight lifting and building up muscle mass, .... your children will have big muscles, too. If you lose a finger in an accident, ... your children will be missing a finger, too.

Lamarck’s Mistakes!!! Genes are not changed by activities in life Change in genes is through mutation that occurs before an organism is born. *Always comes back to the DNA!!

Charles Darwin Journeyed on the Beagle around the world collect biological samples and make observations Would come up with his two main theories after he came back and write “The Origin of Species” Descent with Modification- All organisms are related. All organisms could be placed on a “tree of life” and observations of ancestors can be made. Most “branches” are dead ends because 99% of all known species are now extinct. Natural Selection (mechanism for change) ”the HOW” Evolutionary adaptation is the accumulation of inherited characteristics. Can be summed up with 5 observations and 3 inferences.

Common Descent

Darwin’s Natural Selection Obs. 1- A population will continue to increase exponentially if reproduction is successful.

Darwin’s Natural Selection Obs. 2- Populations usually remain at a steady size.

Darwin’s Natural Selection Obs. 3 - Resources are limited

Darwin’s Natural Selection Inf. 1- An increase in a population will result in competition for the limited resources

Darwin’s Natural Selection Obs. 4- Characteristics in a population vary between individuals *natural variations

Darwin’s Natural Selection Obs. 5- Most of the variation in a population is heritable (genotype differences = phenotype difference)

Leads to the Inference #2… Inf. 2- Survival of an individual will have something to do with the traits that were inherited. Individuals more fit for a habitat are more likely to survive, win resources, and reproduce!

Leads to the Inference #3… Inf. 3- Gradual change in a population where favorable traits accumulate will occur. *over LONG periods of time! “Evolution” = slow, gradual change over time

Darwin’s Natural Selection *Base idea for theory…farmers. Artificial selection- Humans select good traits to be passed on (selective breeding, etc…)

Antibiotic Resistance in bacteria INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE, ONLY POPULATIONS   Antibiotic Resistance in bacteria TED ED animation

Can you fill in the blanks? Quiz Time! The following statements summarize the main features of the Darwinian view of life. Can you fill in the blanks? 1. Individual organisms have different _____________________. These variations are ________. 2. Organisms produce ______________ than can _______. Of those that do survive, many will never __________. 3. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, there is: ___________________________________. 4. Individuals __________ to the environment are more likely to _______ and reach _______________. These organisms pass their heritable traits on to their offspring. 5. Organisms less suited for a particular environment often ___. If they do survive, _______________________. traits and characteristics heritable more offspring survive reproduce intense competition for limited resources best suited survive reproductive age die they leave fewer offspring 6. This process of natural selection causes species to _______________. 7. The species that are alive today are _________________________ from _______________ that lived in the ____. change over time descended with modification ancestral species past