Protista

Definition Greek for First Unicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Solitary and Colonial ~2 Billion years old “neither animal, nor plants, nor fungi, nor procaryotes”

Evolution of… Endosymbiont Hypothesis

Animal-like Protists - Ciliophora Protozoa = first animals Ciliophora: Cilia-Bearing Have cilia – hair like projections for movement (cilliates) Free living (no parasites) Eg. Paramecium The Outside Pectile – outer living Layer Trichocysts – defense Like porcupine spikes

Ciliophora – the inside Macronucleus Micronucleus Gullet Cilia forces water Food Vacuoles Anal pore Contractile Vacuoles pumps

Animal-like protists: Zoomastigina Flagella/Flagellates Absorb food through cell membranes (not enclosed) Live in special environment or in body of others Reproduce asexually (binary fission) or sexually Meiosis triggered by outside factors Found in lakes and ponds or as parasites

Animal-like Protists: Sporozoa Non-motile Parasitic Reproduce by spores Can attach to host cells Eg. Plasmodium - malaria

Sarcodina: Protists with False Feet Temporary projections of cytoplasm to move Pseudopod Ameobas No shape No cell walls Binary fission Endocytosis (heterotroph)

Ameoba in motion – top speed!

Animal-like protists: Good and bad Act as food for small organisms and fish Termites (break down wood) Malaria Pathogens African Sleeping sickness Infections of livestock

Plant-like Protists Unicellular Motile Contain chlorophyll Photosynthesise

1. Euglenophyta Flagellates Chloroplasts Great swimmer Closely related to zoomastiginans Euglena = pouch with flagella Flagellates Chloroplasts Great swimmer Eyespot (help find bright areas) Phototrophic autotroph Can also be heterotroph Pellicle Ribs/microtubules = shape Binary Fission

2. Pyrrophyta: Fire Protists Dinoflagellates Photosynthetic (most) 2 flagella Thick Armour (plates) Binary Fission Luminescent No histones

3. Chrysophyta: Golden Protists Yellow-green algae, golden-brown algae, diatoms Cell Walls: Pectin over Cellulose Store food as oil Asexual and Sexual Solitary and colonies Flagella or not Diatoms - Silicon

4a. Slime Molds – Cellular (Acrasiomycota) Look similar to amebas Reproduce rapidly Food is done? Become one Migrate - wind Spores – Fruiting body

4b. Slime Molds – Acellular (Myxomycota) Starts like ameba Make plasmodia Thousands of nuclei – 1 membrane Fruiting bodies Haploid spores Scatter to form flagellated cells

Plant-like protists: The good and bad Symbiotic relationships Coral Phytoplankton 70 percent of photosynthesis Recycle sewage Blooms – much waste Red tide

To Know: Animal/Plant-like protists Method of reproduction Method of movement Autotroph/heterotroph The good and the bad

Pick a protist Pick your favourite protist and make an advertisement for it. Include: Picture Name (scientific and/or general) Mode of transport Mode of reproduction Method of obtaining energy Any helpful and/or diseases it may cause