Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska Centre for Europe Polish European Community University of Warsaw Studies Association (PECSA) PECSA Roundtable Debate 2018 „EU values and Member States – between unity and diversity: migration context”   21 May 2018, SGH Warsaw School of Economics in Poland

Main sources of the EU migrant crisis External sources: destabilization of the economic, social and political situation in the Middle East, Africa and Asia; armed conflicts in these regions etc.   Internal sources: lack of a truly common, coherent and effective migration policy at the EU and national levels which results, among other things, in: - insufficiency of purely technical and administrative measures, like sealing borders, new agencies, refugee relocation mechanisms etc. - different migration policies of various Member States: some build walls at their borders; others choose an „open door” policy - lack of coordination of diplomatic activities and of development assistance for the countries of origin of refugees and migrants Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska

Major reasons of ineffectiveness of the EU migration policy Reasons stemming from the objective mechanisms of the functioning of the EU: - very structure of the EU: an organization consisting of supranational bodies and Member States, which not only cooperate but also compete (the best example being the weakness of the EU’s foreign policy) Reasons stemming from the subjective errors committed by the EU’s political class: - lack of strong political leadership at the level of EU institutions and in individual Member States, which results, among other things, in the inability to take appropriate measures against the rise of nationalistic, populist and anti-EU sentiments Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska

Fundamental problems concerning the EU migration crisis (1) Ideological dispute caused by the migration crisis which has threatened many crucial areas: from the functioning of the Schengen area to fundamental axiological issues concerning: - controversy about European values: principles of functioning of the EU, especially principles of solidarity, rule of law and human rights, which are understood in different ways by various Member States, especially those of Central Europe - lack of a clearly formulated finalité politique of the EU which means that it needs to choose a new model of European integration: introduce more federal model, improve current mixed model or develop differentiated or flexible integration model Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska

Fundamental problems concerning the EU migration crisis (2) Resolution of the finalité politique dilemma will determine the future of the EU and also the future of its migration policy Decisive question: how the relations between the EU institutions and the Member States are to be structured as regards their competences in the field of migration policy? Technical and administrative measures are not enough (although must be taken) Federal model would be the best one, but it could be contested; it is also possible to use the mechanisms of the other models Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska

Fundamental problems concerning the EU migration crisis (3) The most important is not to adopt necessarily a single option but rather a consistent approach that would result from the resolution of the historical dilemma: in which direction the EU is going? Internally strong Union with a clearly defined finalité politique will be able to deal with the problems that stem from the international environment like the migration crisis In this regard the migration crisis is a very strong incentive to take remedies, but it is still unknown whether it will turn out to be strong enough All this means that the EU migration policy will both greatly depend on and significantly impact the future shape of the European Union Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska

Thank you for your attention Impact of the EU migrant crisis on European values and on the finalité politique of the European Union Dr. Olga Barburska