AFRICA GEOGRAPHIC UNDERSTANDINGS Factory Shoals Middle School Mr. L. Smith Ethnic/Religious Groups

Africa Geographic Understandings Standard: SS7G4 Describe the diverse cultures of the people who live in Africa a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group b. Explain the diversity of religions within the Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili ethnic groups

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: All E.Q.’s have been erased by mistake. 2nd Semester E.Q.’s & Warm-ups will be re-posted on Mr. Smith’s website this evening. Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Thursday February 21, 2019: What are the four main ethnic groups in Africa? Warm-Up: What are the primary causes of Africa’s water pollution? Today We Will: Ethnic & Religious groups of Africa

ANSWERS E.Q. Answers for Thursday February 21, 2019: Arabs Ashanti Bantu Swahili Warm-Up: Industrial wastes Run-off from fertilizer Garbage Human waste Irrigation

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: All 2nd semester E.Q.’s have been re-posted on Mr. Smith’s website. Catch-up on all missing class room assignments this weekend. Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Friday February 22, 2019: What does the Golden Stool symbolize to the Ashanti people? Warm-Up: Where can the Arab ethnic group be found in Africa? Today We Will: Ethnic & Religious groups of Africa

FIRST FIVE E.Q. Answers for Friday February 22nd: Warm-Up: The stool came to symbolize Ashanti power and the belief is that the kingdom will last as long as the golden stool remains in the hands of the Ashanti king. Warm-Up: Northern and Eastern coasts of Africa

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Deadline for 3rd Quarter grades/late assignments March 8th. Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Monday February 25, 2019: Explain why Bantu migration is so important in the study of African culture. Warm-Up: In which countries do most Ashanti live today? Today We Will: Complete Ethnic & Religious groups of Africa

ANSWERS E.Q. Answers for Monday February 25th: In their migration from the Sahel through South Africa the Bantu met many different cultures of African people. They intermarried and learned from each culture as well as sharing their own language, skills and religion. Warm-Up: Ashanti can be found primarily in current day Ghana.

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Africa Geography/Environmental Issues Make-up Quiz is Friday March 1st . Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Tuesday February 26, 2019: The Swahili community is a mix of what regions of the world? Warm-Up: The Ashanti have which natural resources? Today We Will: Complete Ethnic & Religious groups of Africa

ANSWERS E.Q. Answers for Tuesday February 26th: The Swahili are a mix of Africa, Arabia, and Asia Warm-Up: Gold, Cocoa, Kente Cloth

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Any student needing to take the Africa Geography/Environmental Issues Make-up Quiz can do so Friday March 1st . Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Wednesday February 27, 2019: The Swahili enjoy a relatively high standard of living due to what investment? Warm-Up: Access to water is critical to Muslims who must wash before they do what? Today We Will: Complete Africa Ethnic & Religious groups Worksheet

ANSWERS E.Q. Answers for Wednesday February 27th: Investment in Human Capital Warm-Up: Do their daily Prayers (five times per day)

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: The Africa Geography/Environmental Issues Make-up Quiz is tomorrow March 1st . Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Thursday February 28, 2019: Swahili language is a mix of what cultures? Warm-Up: What are the top ethnic groups and their languages in Africa? Today We Will: Complete Africa Ethnic & Religious groups Worksheet

ANSWERS E.Q. Answers for Thursday February 28th: Africa, Arabia, Asia Warm-Up: Arabs, Arabic Ashanti, Twi Bantu, Bantu Swahili, Swahili/Arabic

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: The Africa Geography/Environmental Issues Make-up Quiz is TODAY. Standard: Explain the diversity of ethnic groups and religions on the African continent. Essential Question for Friday March 1, 2019: What characteristics do the ethnic groups of Africa share? Warm-Up: How far did the influence of Ashanti gold reach? Today We Will: Complete Africa Ethnic & Religious groups Worksheet

ANSWERS E.Q. Answers for Friday March 1st: Characteristics shared were: Religion: Islam, Christianity, Traditional Animist Languages: Bantu, Arabic, Swahili Warm-Up: The influence of Ashanti gold stretched as far as Europe.

Africa Geographic Understandings Review An ethnic group is a group of people who share cultural ideas and beliefs that have been a part of their community for generations. The characteristics they may have in common could include language, religion, a shared history, types of food, and a set of traditional stories, beliefs, or celebrations.

Africa Geographic Understandings Review A religious group shares a belief system in a god or gods, with a specific set of rituals and literature. People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion, though they may be from very different cultures.

Africa Geographic Understandings The four major ethnic groups of the African continent include Arabs, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili. In the next few days we will learn about their history, culture, and religions.

Africa Geographic Understandings Arabs Arab people began to spread into North Africa in the late 600’s AD, when the first Muslim armies arrived in Egypt. From there, Arab armies, traders, and scholars spread across northern Africa all the way to Morocco.

Africa Geographic Understandings Wherever the Arabs went, they took Islam and the Arabic language with them. Arabic was necessary if one was going to be able to read the Quran, Islam’s holy book. From North Africa, Arab traders traveled by land and by sea to the Sahel region and beyond.

Africa Geographic Understandings Along the east coast of Africa, Arab traders traveled by land and by sea down to present day Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zanzibar. They married local women and the process of blending cultures and religions began there as well.

Africa Geographic Understandings The Arabic language, the religion of Islam, and many other aspects of Muslim culture became part of Africa. Today Arabs are found throughout Africa. They make up a majority of the people living along the Mediterranean coast and in some countries along the Red Sea & the Indian Ocean.

Africa Geographic Understandings Ashanti The Ashanti people are found in the modern country of Ghana. They have been a powerful group in this part of Africa for over 300 years. The Ashanti believe that their kingdom was founded in 1701 with the help of a holy man who produced a Golden Stool from the heavens and gave it to the first Ashanti king.

Africa Geographic Understandings The stool came to symbolize Ashanti power and the belief is that the kingdom will last as long as the golden stool remains in the hands of the Ashanti king.

Africa Geographic Understandings Ashanti Religion The traditional Ashanti religion is centered on a belief in a supreme god, or Nayme. His many children, the Abosom, represent all the natural powers and forces in the world. The traditional Ashanti believe that all living things have souls. They also believe that witches, demon spirits, and fairies have powers in the lives of men and women.

Africa Geographic Understandings Ancestors are given great respect, and there are a number of family rituals associated with birth, puberty, marriage, and death. Other religions are also practiced by many of the Ashanti. Christianity has gained many followers in Ghana and along the west coast of Africa. It was introduced by European and American missionaries beginning in the 1800’s.

Africa Geographic Understandings There are also a large number of Muslims. Bantu The Bantu-speaking people of Africa migrated in many different waves from the region just south of the Sahara Desert to the central and southern parts of the continent beginning 4,000 years ago.

Africa Geographic Understandings From the earliest days, the Bantu were known as farmers and animal herders, and they learned iron-making crafts as well. As they spread south and east across the continent, following rivers and streams, they met many new people and learned new skills, even as they shared their own.

Africa Geographic Understandings Bantu speaking people settled as far south as the southern tip of Africa. They intermarried with the people they met along the way, accepting new traditions and blending them with Bantu culture.

Africa Geographic Understandings The Bantu migration was one of the largest movements of people in Africa’s history. Today over 60 million people in central and southern Africa speak Bantu-based languages and share some part of Bantu culture.

Africa Geographic Understandings Bantu Religions Many Bantu who settled in areas where there was a strong Arab presence are Muslim. Others living in parts influenced by missionary efforts are Christian. Still others follow traditional animist religions. Animists believe that spirits are found in natural objects and surroundings.

Africa Geographic Understandings They may feel a spiritual presence in rocks, trees, a waterfall or a particularly beautiful place in the forest. The animist religion was represented in the movie Avatar.

Africa Geographic Understandings Swahili The Swahili community developed along the coast of East Africa when Arab and Persian traders looking for profitable markets began to settle there and intermarry with the local Bantu-speaking population. The resulting Swahili culture is a mix of people who can claim ancestors in Africa, in Arabia, and even across the Indian Ocean in Asia.

Africa Geographic Understandings Many people in the countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique share the Swahili culture, language, history and traditions. While the Swahili language is considered a Bantu language, there are many Arabic words and phrases included as well. The word “Swahili” is an Arabic word which means “one who lives on the coast.”

Africa Geographic Understandings Swahili Religions Because contact with Arab traders was such a big part of their history, most Swahili today are Muslims. Islam has been one of the factors that helped create a common identity for such a diverse group of people.

Africa Geographic Understandings It is not unusual for Swahili men to wear charms around their necks containing verses of the Quran to protect them from harm.

Africa Geographic Understandings Many among the Swahili also follow local beliefs that have been part of the culture of eastern Africa since before Muslim traders arrived over a thousand years ago. These beliefs are known as mila. One belief that is part of mila is that there are spirits that can possess a person.

Africa Geographic Understandings Many Swahili also see a close link between their religious beliefs and the practice of medicine and healing. Herbal medicines are often given along with prescribed prayers and rituals that are thought to be part of the cure.