Please fill in the questions on your entrance slip. Objective: To learn about recent Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and how climate change may alter these events. Please fill in the questions on your entrance slip. Ask students to fill in entrance slips. Entrance slips focus on environmental conditions that cause HABs and how climate change will affect HABs.

What environmental conditions lead to a harmful algal bloom? NOAA website information (https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/why_habs.html): Studies indicate that many algal species flourish when wind and water currents are favorable. In other cases, HABs may be linked to 'overfeeding.' This occurs when nutrients (mainly phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon) from sources such as lawns and farmlands flow downriver to the sea and build up at a rate that 'overfeeds' the algae that exist normally in the environment. Some HABs have also been reported in the aftermath of natural phenomena like sluggish water circulation, unusually high water temperatures, and extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and drought.

What are some consequences of climate change? Ask the students to write their answers, share their answer with a partner, and then share with the class. When students are sharing with the class, write down their answers on the board.

January 2018 was the fifth warmest January on record. January 2018 was the fifth warmest January on record. Ask students to discuss what the figure is showing. January 2018 was the fifth warmest January on record.

Will this impact harmful algal blooms? Ask students to share how this will impact harmful algal blooms. January 2018 was the fifth warmest January on record.

Where do algal blooms happen around the country? World? Ask students to share examples of algal blooms in areas around the country/world.

World Map of Chlorophyll Concentration Villacorte, et al. 2015 Present slide showing the concentrations of chlorophyll around the world. Explain that chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants and connect it to the idea that algal blooms can occur many areas throughout the world. Use this as a transition into focusing on case studies of areas around the US in the Jigsaw Activity. Chlorophyll: a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring. Villacorte, et al. (2015). Seawater reverse osmosis desalination and (harmful) algal blooms. Desalination, 360(ISSN 0011-9164), 61-80. Villacorte, et al. 2015

Jigsaw Activity West Coast Great Lakes Chesapeake Bay Florida Arabian Sea Example Discussion Topics: Name of Algae Historic Events Organisms Impacted Health Impacts Economic Impacts Impact of Climate Change Run Jigsaw activity as discussed in the Lesson Plan.

Chesapeake Bay: The Blob: Arabian Sea: Color images of figures in Jigsaw Activity handouts incase color printer is not available.

Classroom Discussion What were some of the “ingredients” causing bloom? How did HABs affect other organisms? What are examples of human health and economic impacts? After Jigsaw is complete and students have had a chance to discuss these questions. Start a class discussion. Write on whiteboard.

What are some examples from your case studies? How will climate change impact the occurrence and severity of harmful algal blooms? What are some examples from your case studies? Continue with previous questions to lead into the subject of climate change. “Now that you have learned about some case studies…” What are some consequences of climate change that may increase the growth and frequency of harmful algae blooms? Ideas: Water temperatures Salinity Coastal Upwelling Rainfall Carbon Dioxide Sea Level Rise

Great Lakes Example https://weather.com/science/environ ment/news/great-lakes-lake-erie- harmful-algae-bloom-climate- change Once students have had a chance to discuss potential impacts of climate change, present this 1 min video about climate change impacting HABs in Lake Erie. NASA