By Dr. E. Kanagaraj Department of Social Work School of Social Sciences Mizoram University Aizawl

Data What is Data? What are its Types? Primary vs Secondary Quantitative Vs Qualitative

Types of Data  Primary Data and Secondary Data :  Crossectional, Time Series and Pooled Data

Variable What is Variable? Continuous and Discrete Metric and Non-metric Independent, Dependent and Mediating

Data Processing Editing Coding : Code Book Data Entry: Master Chart Data Cleaning

Why Computer in Data Processing and Analysis Time Resources Energy Errors Use of Advanced Tools Multivariate Techniques Difficult?

Coding Assigning numerals and Labeling Structured, Pre-coded Instruments Unstructured Questions Coding according to research objective Numerical coding most appropriate

Data Entry Master Chart or Table Variables in Column Cases in Rows Data entry in Ms Excel Integration of Code Book and Master Reading Excel Data in SPSS

Data Cleaning Correcting Errors in Data Entry Maximum, Minimum, Frequency etc Sorting and Correcting

Data Analysis What is analysis Explaining the one with the other Association Relationship: Linear vs Non linear Comparison: Two or More Groups Hypothesis Testing

Choice of Techniques Sampling Design : Random Vs Non random Nature of Variable : Nominal, Ordinal, Interval Number of Variables Number of Cases : Sample Size

Descriptive Statistics Aim to describe the characteristics Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion

Inferential Statistics Parameter – Population measure Statistic – Sample measure Univariate Bivariate Multivariate

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