Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level ClickBiology Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level Classification Plants, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

You should be able to: List the main visible features of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous flowering plants. List the main features of viruses, bacteria and fungi, and their adaptations to the environment

Flowering plants are classified into two groups: Monocotyledonous plants 1 cotyledon strap like leaves parallel veins flower parts divisible by 3 example: kaffir lily

Flowering plants are classified into two groups: Dicotyledonous plants 2 cotyledons broad leaves branching veins flower parts divisible by 4 or 5

Comparing monocotyledons and dicotyledons: Feature monocotyledon dicotyledon Number of cotyledons 1 2 Leaf shape strap like broad Vein pattern parallel branching Flower parts divisible by: 3 4 or 5 Example Kaffir lily Hibiscus

Which plant is a monocotyledon and which is a dicotyledon?

You should be able to: List the main visible features of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous flowering plants. List the main features of viruses, bacteria and fungi, and their adaptations to the environment

Bacteria are single celled organisms Bacteria cells are about 1/1000th the size of animal or plant cells. cell membrane cytoplasm DNA no nucleus, DNA is one long strand kept in the cytoplasm cell wall made of peptidoglycans slime capsule

Viruses are not classified as living things as they are not made of cells Viruses are very small, approximately 100nm across (1nm = 1/1000 000 of a mm) 10nm RNA proteins of the virus coat cross section of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Viruses reproduce by invading other cells White blood cell (lymphocyte) 1. Virus attaches to cell membrane 2. Virus RNA enters cell 6. New viruses leave the cell 3. DNA copy of the RNA is made 5. Virus cores are made in the cytoplasm 4. Nucleus makes copies of the virus RNA

The main body of a fungus is the mycelium, which is made of hyphae Fungal cells have cell walls made of substances such as chitin mushroom sporangium containing spores spores produced here Mucor growing on moist bread hyphae of mushroom mycelium hyphae of Mucor mycelium: Secrete digestive enzymes

Now you should be able to: List the main visible features of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous flowering plants. List the main features of viruses, bacteria and fungi, and their adaptations to the environment Now you should be able to Explain why many animals have a heart and circulation (a mass transport system) And Explain the importance of water as a solvent in transport, including its dipole nature.

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