Chapter 8, Lesson 4 ACOS #8: Identify major events of the American Revolution, including the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Trenton, and Yorktown ACOS #8a: Describe the social and political impact of the Declaration of Independence ACOS #8d: Locate on a map major battle sites of the American Revolution

The War in the South and West After 3 years of fighting, the British still had not won the war. They changed their strategy and took the fight to the South. They thought there were more Loyalists in the South who would help them. At first, the British were successful. They captured Savannah, Georgia and Charleston, South Carolina.

Benedict Arnold Britain also had the help of a well known Continental officer, Benedict Arnold. He secretly changed sides and became a British general. He is still know today as a traitor. http://www.newton.k12.ks.us/tech/ar.htm (online movie of the treason of BA)

The South Fights Back Patriots in the south fought back with surprise attacks and quick retreats. Colonel Francis Marion was so good at these surprise attacks that he became known as the Swamp Fox.

Nathaniel Greene The South’s commanders, Nathanael Greene, plan was to wear out the British soldiers. His smaller army could move faster than the larger British army. He forced British General Charles Cornwallis to chase him, using up their supplies and tiring out their soldiers. Although Cornwallis beat Greene at every battle, they could not destroy his army. “We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again.”

British Losing in the West George Rogers Clark and about 200 Patriots captured British forts in the Ohio River Valley. Bernardo do Gálvez, Spanish governor of Louisiana, captured British forts at Baton Rouge, Natchez, Mobile, and Pensacola.

1. Which battles took place in 1781? Yorktown, Cowpens, Guilford Court House, and Pensacola 2. When did the Battle of Mobile take place? 1780 3. What other battles took place in 1780? King’s Mountain, Camden, Charleston 4. According to this map, who had the most victories in the South and West? American Colonies Page 287

The War Ends In the summer of 1781, the British army, led by Cornwallis, was camped at Yorktown, Virginia. Washington marched his troops south from New York to Virginia. The French navy trapped the British army at Yorktown. The British navy could not defeat the French navy. http://www.newton.k12.ks.us/tech/ar.htm Click on ‘Battles’- click on the 1st ‘Battle of Yorktown’

Surrender at Yorktown On October 19, 1781, the British army surrendered at Yorktown. Over 7,000 British soldiers marched out of Yorktown, laying down their weapons as they did. The Battle of Yorktown was the last big battle in the war for independence. The war continued for 2 more years with small battles and little fighting. According to the graph to the left, about how many American/French soldiers fought in the Battle of Yorktown? About 17,000 About how many British soldiers were in the Battle of Yorktown? Close to 9,000

The Treaty of Paris On September 3, 1783, United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris. Two things the Patriots wanted-they got 1. King George III agreed the US was an independent nation. 2. The United States gained land north to Canada, west to the Mississippi River, and south to Florida. All green areas now belong to the United States.

New Challenges How could slavery exist in a country that believed in freedom and equality? How would the new country rule themselves? What kind of government would they create to replace King George III? Mercy Otis Warren, a writer, called the new nation, “a child just learning to walk’.

Lesson 4 Vocabulary traitor surrender strategy Someone who is not loyal to his or her country, a betrayer To give up to another in a battle of war A plan of action for fighting in a war traitor surrender strategy

Vocabulary Review victory retreat mercenary The defeat of an enemy To move back when an enemy attacks A soldier who is paid to fight retreat mercenary

Vocabulary Review treason rights The crime of fighting against one’s own government Freedom from being ruled by someone else Freedoms that are protected by law A statement that declares, or announces, an idea treason independence rights declaration

Vocabulary Review neutral Loyalist inflation Not taking sides Someone who was still loyal to the king A rise in prices Loyalist inflation