Subject: Engineering Chemistry Unit: III

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Subject: Engineering Chemistry Unit: III Course: B.Tech. Subject: Engineering Chemistry Unit: III

Definition: Basic concepts Polymers: A polymer is a long molecule formed by joining together of thousands of small molecular units by chemical bonds. Monomers: Small molecules which combine together to formpolymer molecules are known as Monomers. Polymerization: The chemical process leading to the formation of polymer is known as Polymerization. The number of monomeric units contained in the polymer is known as the Degree of Polymerization.

Classification of Polymerization Addition polymerization / Chain polymerization Condensation / Step polymerization

Addition / Chain polymerization Addition is a reaction that yields a product, which is an exact multiple of the original monomeric molecule. Addition polymerization is the joining together of two or more simple molecules, called Monomers, to form a new compound of the same empirical formula, called a polymer which has a very high molecular weight.

The polymers formed by addition polymerisation are thermoplastic. These include Polythene, Polypropylene Polystyrene

Example:Ethene to polythene Polyethene

Condensation/Step Polymerization A reaction occurring between simple polar-group- containing monomers with the formation of polymer and elimination of small molecules like water ,HCl. This may be defined as the process in which the monomer molecules of different compounds combine with the loss of some simple molecules, like water, or HCl.

This process can produce both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. e.g. Polyesters nylon are formed by this process.

Example: Nylon 6:6 3

Copolymerization Copolymerization is the joint polymerization of two or more monomer species. High molecular weight compounds obtained by copolymerization are called Copolymers.

Example: Formation of SBR 4

Industrial applications of Polymerization Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): Refrigerator lining, lawn and garden equipment, toys Acrylics:Lenses, transparent aircraft enclosures Nylons: Bearings, gears Polyethylene: Flexible bottles, toys, tumblers, battery parts, ice trays

References 1.Engineering chemistry by Jain and Jain 2.https://2012books.lardbucket.org 3.http://matse1.matse.illinois.edu/polymers/prin.html 4.https:// chem-guide.blogspot.com