What is “ Matter ” ? -Anything that has mass and occupies space -Makes up everything around us Examples: You Trees Your dog Clouds Drinks A penny The sun Stamos

That’s great, but what is matter made from? -Matter is made from Elements What on earth is an “element?” -Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances -Most occur naturally -One or more come together to form all matter EXAMPLES By themselves Together with others Caribiner: (Al) Caffeine: (C8 H10 N4 O2)

Again, that’s super, but what are elements made from? -Combinations of similar atoms give elements their unique characteristics. For example, helium atoms are what make up helium -Atoms are the smallest components or building blocks of matter (really, really, really small!) How small are they? Well, how many atoms do you think there are in…….. ….A single grain of sand? ….You? 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 720,000,000,000,000,000,000

Obviously, we cannot see atoms because they are so incredibly small… ( .000000000001 meter ) ……But if we could, what would they look like?

The important parts: Nucleus – the “center” of the atom Protons – have a positve (+) electrical charge and make up part of the nucleus Neutrons – have no electrical charge (neutral) and are bound to the nucleus along with protons. Electrons – have a negative electrical charge (-) and orbit the nucleus while spinning

What is Temperature? What does the word “temperature” really mean for scientists? What are the effects of temperature on matter?

Temperature: How do we increase energy? The measure of the average energy of particles in a substance. Exactly how much or how little Not one, but all Matter (solid, liquid or gas) Ability to do work (move) Small bits, Atoms * Increase in energy Increase in temperature Increase in movement How do we increase energy? Hint: how do we make things warm in our everyday lives?

We can make particles move (add energy) in three main ways: Direct Heat Electricity Chemical Reaction

? ? When energy moves it is called “heat”. Heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another. But……….In what direction does energy flow? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

When particles speed up or slow down (their average energy changes) enough, changes in states may occur in the matter they make up. Solids Gases May turn to… May turn to… Liquids Liquids May turn to… May turn to… Gases (or plasma) Solids

E x t r e m e s ! Very very cold: Particles slow down and eventually stop Absolute zero is defined as being precisely 0 K and –273.15 °C. Absolute zero is where all motion in the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest. At absolute zero, matter contains no heat energy. . Very very hot: Particles speed up and may become excited When enough energy is added to matter, electrons are stripped away from their atoms. Plasma consists of free moving electrons and ions.

TASK: “Depict how atoms are arranged and how they move within solids, liquids and gases and plasmas” Grading / Requirements: ___________________________________________________ 5pts. Show the 4 states of matter 5pts. Depict the atoms or molecules in those states 5pts. Properly label all parts (including a title!) 5pts. Include an appropriate amount of information covered in class (qualities, energy, movement, etc.) 5pts. End product should be neat and organized 5pts. Work should reflect appropriate use of class time Total available points: 30 Textbook support: 296 - 349