The Kerner Commission Plus Four Decades: What Has Changed? What Has Not? Reynolds Farley The University of Michigan Population Studies Center Institute for Social Research 426 Thompson Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104-2590 August 1, 2008 Boston, Massachusetts Presentation prepared for the session of Plenary Session of the American Sociological Association, 40th Anniversary of the Kerner Commission Report organized by Professor Paul A. Jagowsky

Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34 Reporting a High School Education

Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34 Reporting a Four-Year College Education

Average Duncan Occupational Prestige Scores for Employed Persons Aged 25 to 59

Per Capita Annual Hours of Employment for Native-Born Non-Hispanics Aged 25 to 59; 1968 to 2007

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Children Under Age 18 Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007 Recession Periods

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Adults Over Age 65 Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007 Recession Periods

Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 59 Employed; 1968 to 2007

Median Wage and Salary Earnings for Native-Born Non-Hispanics Reporting Earnings

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Households Owning their Residence

Per Capita Income Reported by Persons Aged 25 to 59 (constant 2007 Dollars)

Median Income of Households Headed by Native-Born Non-Hispanics (shown in constant 2007 Dollars)

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanics Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007 Recession Periods

Economic Status of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks: 1968 to 2007 Non-Hispanic Blacks Poor (Incomes Below Poverty Line) Near Poor (Incomes 100% to 199% of Poverty Line) Middle Class (Incomes 200% to 499% of Poverty Line) Comfortable (Incomes at Least Five Times the Poverty Line)

Number of Blacks Elected to Serve in Congress: 1966 to 2006

Married to Black Men, and Percent of Percent of Married Spouse Present, Native-Born, Non-Hispanic White Women Aged 25 to 34 Married to Black Men, and Percent of Similar Black Women Married to White Men Percent of Married Spouse Present, Native-Born, Non-Hispanic White Men Aged 25 to 34 Married to Black Women, and Percent of Similar Black Men Married to White Women

Racial Attitudes of National Samples of Whites; General Social Survey, 1972 to 2004

with a Second Major Race; American Community Survey: 2000 to 2008 Percent of Persons Identifying with One Major Race Who Went On To Identify with a Second Major Race; American Community Survey: 2000 to 2008

Twelve Largest Multiple Races in 2008, their Percent Change in Size Since 2000 and Their Median Age in 2007

Races Reported by the Hispanic Population: Census 2000 and ACS 2008

States where Non-Hispanic Whites were a Numerical Minority in 2008 Hawaii, District of Columbia, New Mexico, California and Texas Additional States where Non-Hispanic Whites were a Numerical Minority in 2008 among the School Age Population (Under age 18) Arizona, Nevada, Florida and Mississippi Additional States where Non-Hispanic Whites were a Numerical Minority in 2008 among the Pre-School Population (Under age 6) Maryland, Georgia, Delaware and New York

Percent of White and Black Wives and Husbands Under Age 30 Married to a Spouse of the Other Race, 1950 to 2007

Percent of Children Under Age 18 in Married Couple Families with Parents of Different Races

Indexes of Dissimilarity; 2000 and 2007 Racial Residential Segregation in Metropolises of Two Million or More, Measured by Indexes of Dissimilarity; 2000 and 2007 Hispanics Hispanics Blacks Blacks