The student is expected to: 6A identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA.

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Presentation transcript:

The student is expected to: 6A identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA and 6G recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction

KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.

You have body cells and gametes. Body cells are also called somatic cells. Germ cells develop into gametes. Germ cells are located in the ovaries and testes. Gametes are sex cells: egg and sperm. Gametes have DNA that can be passed to offspring. body cells sex cells (sperm) sex cells (egg)

Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes. Your body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Homologous pairs of chromosomes have the same structure. For each homologous pair, one chromosome comes from each parent. Chromosome pairs 1-22 are autosomes. Sex chromosomes, X and Y, determine gender in mammals.

Body cells are diploid; gametes are haploid. Fertilization between egg and sperm occurs in sexual reproduction. Diploid (2n) cells have two copies of every chromosome. Body cells are diploid. Half the chromosomes come from each parent.

Haploid (n) cells have one copy of every chromosome. Gametes are haploid. Gametes have 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

Chromosome number must be maintained in animals. Many plants have more than two copies of each chromosome. Mitosis and meiosis are types of nuclear division that make different types of cells. Mitosis makes more diploid cells.

Meiosis makes haploid cells from diploid cells. Meiosis occurs in sex cells. Meiosis produces gametes.