Mind Stretcher- 3/15/17 A change in the DNA sequence that can be harmful, helpful or make no difference Ribosome Messenger RNA Mutation Transfer RNA

Selective Breeding S7L3. Students will recognize how biological traits are passed on to successive generations. c. Recognize that selective breeding can produce plants or animals with desired traits

KNOW: Selective Breeding choosing two organisms of the same species and mating them with the hope of getting the best qualities of each parent to show up in the offspring. Also called “Artificial Selection”

Selective Breeding: Details Cross out 1st bullet… Used mostly for dogs, cats, other pets, cattle, and crops. REMEMBER: Selective breeding crosses (mates) organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring that have the traits from both parents!

Selective Breeding Example A “Robust” means STRONG & HEALTHY! Tough wild boars mated with friendly meaty pigs give you robust & meaty pigs for your farm. Tough Boar + Meaty Pig = (strong, tough, meaty pig)

Selective Breeding Example B Santa Gertrudis cattle (cross of 2 breeds) RESULT = good beef and resistant to heat! Brahman cattle: Good resistance to heat, but poor beef. English shorthorn cattle: Good beef but poor heat resistance. hot weather cow + beefy cow = (beefy/hot weather cow)

Selective Breeding: Example C Ancient corn from Peru (~4000 yrs old) Choosing only the best corn plants to use for future seeds = better crops over time.

Selective Breeding Example D = little red + big green = BIG RED TOMATO

Advantages of Selective Breeding Might get improved organisms Don’t need any special tools or lab Can be performed easily by farmers & breeders You “SELECT” for traits you want to “BREED”

Disadvantages of Selective Breeding Undesirable traits from both parents may appear in the offspring Disease can accumulate in the population deaf dalmatians, boxers with heart disease, labs with hip problems, etc. Genetic disorders become more prominent due to Inbreeding (breeding of closely related family members to increase a particular trait)

Selective Breeding: Biology for All https://youtu.be/fHS-OY9XDZc

Bald Chickens!? https://youtu.be/W4u8xMnr15Q

REVIEW Genetic Engineering Selective Breeding Keep this side blank…we will complete it soon! Selective Breeding Process has been around for thousands of years Combines the best traits of two organisms Results in organisms that have the desirable traits of their parents

Selectively Breeding Dogs Activity Using your completed student sheet from yesterday, fill in the final “Best in Show” organizer and turn into the tray! Make sure BOTH “breeder” names are on it! Some Inherited Traits: Idea of how to DRAW it: Hearing Type of dog ears (floppy or straight/pointy ears) Speed Length of legs Bark Lines around mouth showing noise level…Or use speech bubble, etc. Trainability or Disposition: List it somewhere around dog! (Awards, Thought bubbles, etc.)