ENERGY & CHEMICAL CHANGE

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Presentation transcript:

ENERGY & CHEMICAL CHANGE REVISION

ENTHALPY Energy changes in reactions related to bond energy changes HEAT OF REACTION (ΔH) as the energy absorbed or released in a chemical reaction.

ENERGY DIAGRAMS EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS are reactions that release energy. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS are reactions that absorb energy

ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

PROPERTIES Activation energy is the minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur. When bonds break energy is absorbed When bonds form energy is released

PROPERTIES activated complex is the temporary unstablecompound formed when activation energy is reached

Potential energy of the reactants and products PROPERTIES Potential energy of the reactants and products

PROPERTIES Change in enthalpy H

INFLUENCE OF A CATALYST

REVISION RATE OF REACTION

REACTION RATE reaction rate is the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time.

Time Mass of beaker

COLLISION THEORY Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide to form product particles Molecules need to collide with the correct orientation Molecules need to collide with enough energy

MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION CURVE Reaction rate is directly proportional to the Number of collisions per time Portion with sufficient kinetic energy Portion that collide with the correct orientation

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS nature of reacting substances Concentration Pressure surface area Temperature catalyst

NATURE OF REACTING SUBSTANCES 1st ionisation energy

CONCENTRATION & PRESSURE Higher concentration means more particles, more particles means more collisions, more collisions mean more molecules with EA

TEMPERATURE High temperature means the particles move faster it means more collisions between molecules withEA

CATALYST A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative route with a lower activation energy. It reduces the net / total activation energy positive catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change

Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide to form product particles Molecules need to collide with the right orientation Molecules need to collide with enough energy Reaction rate is directly proportional to the Number of collisions per time Portion with sufficient kinetic energy Portion that collide with the correct orientation CONCENTRATION

CONCENTRATION

Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide to form product particles Molecules need to collide with the right orientation Molecules need to collide with enough energy Reaction rate is directly proportional to the Number of collisions per time Portion with sufficient kinetic energy Portion that collide with the correct orientation TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide to form product particles Molecules need to collide with the right orientation Molecules need to collide with enough energy Reaction rate is directly proportional to the Number of collisions per time Portion with sufficient kinetic energy Portion that collide with the correct orientation SURFACE AREA

SURFACE AREA

Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide to form product particles Molecules need to collide with the right orientation Molecules need to collide with enough energy Reaction rate is directly proportional to the Number of collisions per time Portion with sufficient kinetic energy Portion that collide with the correct orientation CATALYST

CATALYST