Ionising Radiation.

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Presentation transcript:

Ionising Radiation

Introduction to Radioactivity Some substances are classed as “radioactive” – this means that they are unstable and continuously give out radiation: Radiation The nucleus is more stable after emitting some radiation – this is called “radioactice decay” and the activity is measured in “Becquerels (Bq)”. 23/02/2019

Some Isotopes are radioactive A radioactive substance has an unstable nucleus. The unstable nucleus can become more stable by losing energy (it decays). It loses energy by emitting 3 types of ionising radiation. You cannot predict when a nucleus will decay:- it is a random process

Types of radiation 1) Alpha () – an atom decays into a new atom and emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 ______ – the nucleus of a ______ atom) Unstable nucleus New nucleus Alpha particle 2) Beta () – an atom decays into a new atom by changing a neutron into a _______ and electron. The fast moving, high energy electron is called a _____ particle. Beta particle New nucleus Unstable nucleus 3) Gamma – after  or  decay surplus ______ is sometimes emitted. This is called gamma radiation and has a very high ______ with short wavelength. The atom is not changed. Words – frequency, proton, energy, neutrons, helium, beta Unstable nucleus 23/02/2019 New nucleus Gamma radiation

There are three types of nuclear radiation: Alpha Beta Gamma

Alpha particle An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons

A beta particle (fast moving electron that)

Gamma rays Gamma rays are high frequency electromagnetic waves

Alpha Beta Gamma All three types of radiation are known as ionising radiation. Ionisation radiation is radiation that has enough energy to knock out electrons from atoms and change them to IONS.

Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation Name What is it Relative Charge Relative Mass

Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation

Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation Range in air Type of Radiation Range in air alpha a few centimetres beta 1- 2 metres gamma very long range Note:- the amount of energy the radiation has when emitted determines how far it will travel through the air and what it can penetrate through.