Civics: Government and Economics in Action Chapter 12: Local Government Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Chapter Links Section 1 “Types of Local Government” Section 2 “Local Government Services and Revenues” Section 3 “Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Types of Local Government” Section 1 “Types of Local Government” Section Outline: Counties and Townships New England Towns III. Special Districts IV. Cities Main Idea: There are many varieties of local government. Certain governmental structures are ideal for small towns. Large city governments are organized in a different way. Key Terms: Board Ordinances Municipality Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Counties and Townships Colonial way of dividing land County Seats (capital of county) County Officials Board: a group of people who manage the business of an organization Ordinances: local laws Townships Handled business of rural areas outside of seat Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action New England Towns New England Towns Different form of government Made up of a village and farmlands Citizens took an active part local government Town Meetings The closest thing America has to a direct democracy Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Cities Municipality A government that serves people in an urban area. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action B C D A Civics: Government and Economics in Action E

Civics: Government and Economics in Action City Leaders The Mayor-Council Plan Weak-Mayor plan Elected council holds legislative and executive power Strong-Mayor plan The mayor is an executive figure Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Cities (cont.) The Council-Manager Plan Plan where government is run like a business Manager is “CEO” and free of political pressure The Commission Plan Voters chose several commissioners to direct the cities’ different departments. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Type of Gov’t Definition Possible Advantage Possible Disadvantage Weak-Mayor Elected council holds legislative and executive power Strong-Mayor The mayor is an executive figure Council-Manager Plan where government is run like a business Commission Plan Voters chose several commissioners to direct the cities’ different departments. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Local Government Services and Revenue” Section 2 “Local Government Services and Revenue” Section Outline: Education, Health, and Public Safety Utilities Land Use Revenue: Paying for Services Main Idea: Local governments provide a wide variety of important everyday services. Several sources of revenue help pay for these services. Key Terms: Utilities Zoning Property Tax Intergovernmental Revenue Grant Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Education, Health, and Public Safety A very important and the most expensive aspect of local government Health and Welfare Programs designed to give assistance to those in need. Public Safety Police and Fire Department (Emergency Services) Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Utilities Utilities Services needed by the public, such as water, gas, and electricity. Sewage treatment, garbage collection Planning Utilities are planned on the local level, where the needs of the people can best be met. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Land Use Zoning Local rules that divide a community into areas and tell how the land in each area can be used. The Planning Process There are many steps in developing land Commissions look at requests and carefully and decide how land may be used. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Revenue: Paying for Services Taxes About 25 percent of local government revenue comes from a property tax Property Tax: a tax on land and building Some communities employ a local sales tax Service Charges and Profits Borrowing Sharing Revenue Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments” Section 3 “Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments” Section Outline: Relations Between Local Government Local and State Governments Local, State, and Federal Governments Main Idea: Local governments work with other local governments, their state government, and the federal government to get things done. These working relationships involve both cooperation and conflict. Key Terms: Councils of Governments Home Rule Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Relations Between Local Government Councils and Conferences Groups that work together to meet the regional needs. Conflict There is often economic competition between local governments; especially for businesses. Cooperation Communities work together to provide services that would be too expensive otherwise. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Local and State Governments Home Rule The right to write your own charter Local citizens have always demanded a voice Conflict Sometimes the state government and local governments experience disagreements. Cooperation State and local governments also work together to solve problems. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Local, State, and Federal Governments Federal Funding The federal government helps state and local governments through various funding programs. Conflict and Cooperation As is to be expected, there is sometimes conflict between local, state, and federal government; however there is also tremendous cooperation between all three. Civics: Government and Economics in Action