The World’s Oceans

There are 5 Major Oceans 1. Pacific - the largest ocean. The Mariana Trench is located here with a depth of 35,827 ft . Mt. Everest in SE Asia is 28,000ft high. 2. Atlantic 3. Indian 4. Southern (Antarctic) 5. Arctic

What is a Sea? What is an Estuary? Smaller body of salt water Some bodies of water called seas are: Caribbean Mediterranean Arabian What is an Estuary? Not big enough to be a sea, but is partly enclosed Area where a river meets the ocean Where salt water is diluted with fresh water This is called BRACKISH water

Ocean Currents- cause large circular patterns in ocean called GYRES What causes ocean currents? A. earth’s rotation- Coriolis effect B. winds C. Shape of Basin D. Depth of water E. Temperature- cold water sinks/warm rises F. Salinity- or salt content of the water

Ocean Currents- Gyres This Gyre is also known as the GREAT PACIFIC GARBAGE PATCH

What is the Gulf Stream? A. A river like current in the Atlantic Ocean B. It follows the up Eastern Coast of the U.S. and then goes towards Europe. Benjamin Franklin discovered this while he was Postmaster General Ben Franklin and The Gulf Stream. - YouTube

What is a Tsunami? A tsunami (pronounced soo-NAA-mee) is a series of waves (called a "wave train") generated in a body of water by a pulsating or abrupt disturbance that vertically displaces the water column. Caused by underwater Disturbance such as an EARTHQUAKE or Volcanic Eruption or landslide

Tsunami Also can be called a Tidal wave- but this is incorrect because they are not caused by the tides. There is only damage from a tsunami when it reaches the land December 26, 2004- over 200,000 people died in Indonesia from a Tsunami Mega Tsunami Incredible Footage - YouTube

What is a Rip Current a. also called a Rip Tide Caused when winds and waves push water over a a sand bar. Then the water moves back out towards the ocean it rips an opening in sand bar and pulls water along with it. In order to get out of a Rip Current, a person must swim parallel to the shore.

Pressure Factor that is affected by Depth The deeper in the water then more pressure Fish have swim bladders to help them move up and down in the water. Some fish explode when pulled up from the sea Their swim bladder fills up and explodes

These fish live at a depth of 4300 meters These fish live at a depth of 4300 meters. When they surfaced, their swim bladder expanded and pushed internal organs out of their mouth.

Waves A Wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space. In oceans, waves move through seawater

Waves Surface Waves are most commonly caused by Wind Waves within the ocean can also be caused by: Earthquakes, volcanic action Atmospheric disturbances –Storms Tides

Wave Size depends on wind speed, wind duration, and the fetch distance of water over which the wind blows. The longer the distance the wind travels over water, or the harder it blows, the higher the waves. Which will have a larger fetch, the bay or the ocean?

Wave Anatomy Crest - highest point in a wave Trough - lowest point in a wave Wave height - vertical distance between the crest and the trough Wavelength - horizontal distance between 2 crests or 2 troughs

Wavelength Wave Height Crest Trough Still Water Wave Parts

Wave Action When a wave passes through the ocean, individual water molecules move up and down but they do not move forward or backward. When a wave breaks against the shore, the crest outruns the trough and the crest collapses. Called a breaker. In this case, water does move forward and backward.

Wave frequency and Wave Period

Tides The rise and fall in sea level is called a tide. Tidal range is the difference in ocean level between high-tide and low-tide

Tides are affected by Moon’s Gravity Sun’s Gravity Rotation of the earth

Gravitational Effect of the Moon Two big bulges of water form on the Earth: one directly under the moon another on the exact opposite side As the Earth spins, the bulges follow the moon.

Types of Tides Daily Tides 2 high tides and 2 low tides per day Also called Semidiurnal tides 4 tides in 24 hours –Approximately 6 hours apart Long Island has daily tides 1 high tide and 1 low tide is called a diurnal tide Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia has this Bay of Fundy - YouTube

Spring Tides Earth, Moon and Sun are in line More Storm damage during this tide Occurs 1x every 2 weeks High tides are higher than normal and low tides are lower than normal

Neap Tides Earth, Sun and Moon are at right angles