Chapter 27 Pediatrics

Pediatrics Special needs of newborns, infants, children, and adolescents The medical assistant/child relationship >>

Pediatrics First physical examination for newborn Newborn APGAR scoring PKU and other testing “Well-child” versus “sick-child” visits

Pediatrics and the TPMS In a total practice management system, all the necessary data are documented at the time of clinical care

Immunizations Immunizations Stimulates the immune system to create antibodies against pathogens Given by mouth, injection, and intranasal spray Preparing vaccines for administration Recommended schedules Considerations for vaccine administration

Immunizations Giving multiple vaccines at the same time

Giving Injections to Pediatric Patients Injection sites Vastus lateralis Deltoid Injection routes Intramuscular Subcutaneous

Growth and Development Newborns Infants Toddlers Preschoolers School-Aged Children Adolescents

Growth Patterns Infant/child failure to thrive Causes Growth hormone production Measuring the infant or child Consistency Accuracy

Height and Weight Physical growth percentile chart How to chart growth Normal range of growth Determining percentile National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts Aid in diagnosis of growth abnormalities and nutritional disorders and disease (see Procedure 27-3 in the text)

Infant Holds and Positions

Height and Weight Height and weight measuring devices

Height and Weight Watch the video

Head and Chest Circumference Measuring head circumference Equipment used Growth percentile chart Average head circumference of newborns Measuring chest circumference Converting measurements (see Procedure 27-3 in the text)

Pediatric Vital Signs Temperature Oral Aural (tympanic) Rectal Axillary Temporal artery (see Procedure 27-4 in the text)

Pediatric Vital Signs Pulse Apical pulse Use of stethoscope Normal heart rate ranges for children Heart rhythm, rate Normal, bounding, or thready (see Procedure 27-5 in the text)

Pediatric Vital Signs Respirations In children younger than 6, observed by the rise and fall of the abdomen Older children are measured the same way as adults Often irregular, and should be counted for a full minute Normal respiratory rate ranges for children (see Procedure 27-6 in the text)

Pediatric Vital Signs Blood Pressure Taken on infant at physician’s request Taken annually in children 3 years of age and older Determining size of cuff Auscultating pulse Palpating systolic blood pressure

Collecting Urine Specimens Pediatric urine collection bag >> Direct urethral bladder catheterization (see Procedure 27-7 in the text)

Pediatric Screenings Screening infants for hearing impairment Automated system used (tympanogram) Screening infant and child visual acuity Kindergarten chart Snellen E chart >>

Common Disorders and Diseases Otitis media The common cold Tonsillitis Pediculosis Asthma

Common Disorders and Diseases Croup Pertussis Respiratory syncytial virus Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Child abuse

Male Circumcision Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis Proponents and opponents of circumcision