Agenda objectives Bell Ringer (10)-HW Quiz- You can use your hw on the quiz DNA Discoveries Notes (15) DNA Structure Notes (20) DNA Structure Coloring (15) DNA & RNA KS part 2 (10) Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA questions #19-38 due Friday 2/15,16 objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

#5 Bell ringer 2/24 Nucleotide DNA or RNA What is the monomer (building blocks) of nucleic acids? What is an example of a nucleic acid? Nucleotide DNA or RNA

Agenda objectives Bell Ringer (10) DNA Discoveries Notes (15) DNA Structure Notes (20) DNA Structure Coloring (15) DNA & RNA KS part 2 (10) Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA Knowledge Sheet (gold) #11-16 due Friday 2/26 Current Event #4 due Friday objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

Historical DNA Discoveries 1928 Frederick Griffith finds a substance in heat-killed bacteria that “transforms living bacteria 1944 Oswald Avery, Cloin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty chemically identify Griffith’s transforming principle as DNA 1949 Erwin Chargaff reports relationships among DNA bases that provide a clue to the structure of DNA 1953 Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase demonstrate that DNA , not protein, is involved in viral reproduction. Rosalind Franklin produces an x-ray diffraction image of DNA

Historical DNA Discoveries 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick propose a model of the structure of DNA. 1958 Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl demonstrate that DNA replication is semi conservative replication 1962 James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins are awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discoveries about the molecular structure of nucleic acids. 1969 - Alfred Hershey is awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the replication mechanism and genetic structure of viruses

Griffith Experiment The Griffith experiment, conducted in 1928, was one of the first experiments suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation.

Hershey Chase Experiment Hershey and Chase conduced an experiment using viral DNA to show that the DNA was the genetic material being inserted into the bacteria and used to replicate more viruses.

Agenda objectives HOMEWORK: Bell Ringer (10)-HW Quiz-turn in Project ideas Happy Valentines Day, lets Review the structure of the heart! DNA Discovery and Structure Notes Extraction Lab or structure coloring Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA #19-38 due 2/16, 17 objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

Agenda objectives HOMEWORK: Bell Ringer (10)-HW Quiz-turn in Project ideas Happy Valentines Day, lets Review the structure of the heart! DNA Discovery and Structure Notes Extraction Lab or structure coloring Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA #19-38 due 2/16, 17 objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

Agenda objectives HOMEWORK: Bell Ringer (10)-HW Quiz-turn in Project ideas Happy Valentines Day, lets Review the structure of the heart! DNA Discovery and Structure Notes Extraction Lab or structure coloring Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA #19-38 due 2/16, 17 objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

DNA STRUCTURE

The Scientists Behind the Structure James Watson and Francis Crick were first to determine the structure of DNA Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin were using a technique called X-ray crystallography to study molecular structure Franklin produced a picture of the DNA molecule using this technique 12

Franklin’s Contribution (a) Rosalind Franklin (b) Franklin’s X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA The X-ray images also enabled Watson to deduce the width of the helix and the spacing of the nitrogenous bases The pattern in the photo suggested that the DNA molecule was made up of two strands, forming a double helix 13

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is an organic macromolecule known as a nucleic acid. Nucleic Acids are composed of building blocks known as nucleotides. Multiple DNA nucleotide subunits link together to form a single DNA strand.

DNA Nucleotides Nucleotides are composed of 3 parts: Phosphate Sugar In DNA the sugar is called: deoxyribose Nitrogenous Bases Purines (Two Rings) Adenine Guanine Pyrimidines (One Ring) Thymine Cytosine

Nitrogen Bases Purines (adenine, guanine) Pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine)

DNA Nucleotides Nucleotides are linked together by covalent phosphodiester bonds Each phosphate attaches to the deoxyribose Makes up the sugar-phosphate backbone (sides of ladder)

P DNA Nucleotide A, T, G, or C Deoxyribose Key: P = Phosphate group Deoxyribose = Sugar A, T, G, or C = Nitrogen Base

DNA Molecule Each DNA molecule consists of two DNA strands that associate as a double helix The two strands/chains run antiparallel

Base-Pairing Rules for DNA Chargaff Rules The two DNA strands are joined together at the nitrogenous bases. Holding the bases together, and allowing the formation of the double helix, are hydrogen bonds.

Chargaff’s Rules Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine Guanine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine These pairings are known as Chargaff’s rules A – T (AppleTrees) G – C (GoCarts) Called complementary base pairing

Chargaff’s Rules

Agenda objectives Bell Ringer (10) DNA Discoveries Notes (15) DNA Structure Notes (20) DNA Structure Coloring (15) DNA & RNA KS part 2 (10) Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA Knowledge Sheet (gold) #11-16 due Friday 2/26 Current Event #4 due Friday objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

Color the structure based on the key you make with the terms on the left side.

Agenda objectives Bell Ringer (10) DNA Discoveries Notes (15) DNA Structure Notes (20) DNA Structure Coloring (15) DNA & RNA KS part 2 (10) Closure (5) HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA Knowledge Sheet (gold) #11-16 due Friday 2/26 Current Event #4 due Friday objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.

#5 closure C-word(s) complementary Phosphate 5-Carbon Sugar (Deoxyribose in DNA) Nitrogenous Base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine) What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? C-word(s) complementary

Agenda objectives HOMEWORK: Ch. 12 DNA & RNA Knowledge Sheet (gold) Part 1 #11-16 due Friday 2/26 Current Event #4 due Friday objectives Investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Understand the structure of DNA and how it relays genetic information.