The Periodic Table Chapter 12 Grouping the Elements Section 2

Reminder…

Groups AKA Families Elements in each family have similar but not identical properties. For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and other members of family IA are all soft, white, shiny metals. All elements in a family have the same number of valence electrons. valence electrons – an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines and atom’s chemical properties

Families of the Periodic Table

Hydrogen sits on top of Group 1 gas at room temperature BUT it is not a member of that family Hydrogen is in a class of its own gas at room temperature 1 proton, 1 electron, & only 1 energy level needs 2 electrons to fill up its valence shell

Alkali Metals Group 1 have a single electron in their outermost level, in other words, 1 valence electron shiny have the consistency of clay easily cut with a knife

Alkali Metals most reactive metals react violently with water never found as free elements in nature - are always bonded with another element

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 never found uncombined in nature 2 valence electrons

Transition Metals Groups 3-12 good conductors of heat and electricity 1 or 2 valence electrons

Rare Earth Elements below the Periodic Table 30 rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series types of transition metals lanthanide: shiny, reactive metals actinide: man-made metals

Boron Family Group 13 named after the first element in the family 3 valence electrons includes a metalloid (boron), and the rest are metals. includes the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust (aluminum).

Carbon Family Group 14 4 valence electrons. includes a non-metal (carbon), metalloids, and metals carbon is called the “basis of life”

Nitrogen Family Group 15 5 valence electrons named after the element that makes up 78% of our atmosphere includes non-metals, metalloids, and metals.

Oxygen Family Group 16 6 valence electrons share electrons when forming compounds oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust

Halogen Family Group 17 7 valence electrons which explains why they are the most active non-metals need to gain 1 electron to fill their outermost energy level never found free in nature react with alkali metals to form salts

Noble Gases Group 18 colorless gases that are extremely un-reactive inactive because their outermost energy level is full all the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth's atmosphere