6. WHAT ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS ?

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Presentation transcript:

6. WHAT ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS ? -THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL OF AN ATOM. -DECIDES HOW AN ATOM REACTS

7. ION FORMATION -ATOMS GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS TO FILL THEIR OUTER ORBITAL (SHELL) THEY BECOME IONS -THEY LIKE TWO IN THE FIRST ORBITAL AND EIGHT IN THE REST SEE IONIZATION BELOW THE LITHIUM ION HAS A +1 OVERALL CHARGE

ANOTHER EXAMPLE

8. WHAT ION WILL YOU FORM ATOMS WITH 1 VALENCE ELECTRON WILL LOSE 1 AND BECOME +1 ION ATOMS WITH 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS WILL LOSE 2 AND BECOME +2 IONS ATOMS WITH 3 VALENCE ELECTRONS WILL LOSE 3 AND BECOME +3 IONS ATOMS WITH 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS WILL GAIN OR LOSE 4 AND BECOME +/-4 IONS ATOMS WITH 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS WILL GAIN 3 AND BECOME -3 IONS ATOMS WITH 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS WILL GAIN 2 AND BECOME -2 IONS ATOMS WITH 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS WILL GAIN 1 AND BECOME -1 ATOMS WITH 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE HAPPY AND WON’T FORM IONS 0!

9. WHAT ARE ISOTOPES -ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT WITH DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS SO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT MASSES (SEE BELOW)

ANOTHER EXAMPLE