Comparative Safety of Morphine Delivered via Intravenous Route vs Comparative Safety of Morphine Delivered via Intravenous Route vs. Patient-Controlled Analgesia Device for Pediatric Inpatients  Jennifer Faerber, PhD, Wenjun Zhong, PhD, Dingwei Dai, PhD, Avi Baehr, MD, Lynne G. Maxwell, MD, Francis Wickham Kraemer, III, MD, Chris Feudtner, MD, PhD, MPH  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management  Volume 53, Issue 5, Pages 842-850 (May 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.328 Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Hospital-level probability of morphine PCA administration among all patients who received morphine either via PCA or IV during 2007–2011 among 42 children's hospitals. The figure displays the adjusted hospital-level probability of morphine PCA exposure from 2007 to 2011 across ascending hospital volume for all 42 PHIS hospitals. Hospital volume is the total number of patients at that hospital who were exposed to morphine during the study period. PCA = patient-controlled analgesia; PHIS = Pediatric Health Information System. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017 53, 842-850DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.328) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions