CS 115 UNIT 1 Chapters 1 – 4 Mr. Elias

People Resource People are the most important resource in any organization, with a focus on People are the most important resource in any organization, with a focus on Technology literacy Technology literacy Information literacy Information literacy Ethical responsibilities Ethical responsibilities

People Resource Technology-literate knowledge worker – knows how and when to apply technology Technology-literate knowledge worker – knows how and when to apply technology Information-literate knowledge worker Information-literate knowledge worker Can define information needs Can define information needs Knows how and where to obtain information Knows how and where to obtain information Understands information Understands information Acts appropriately based on information Acts appropriately based on information Ethics – principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people Ethics – principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people

Information Technology Resource Information technology (IT) – computer-based tools that people use to work with information Information technology (IT) – computer-based tools that people use to work with information Hardware – physical devices that make up a computer Hardware – physical devices that make up a computer Software – set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you Software – set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you

Information Technology – Hardware Processing CPU ALU RAM

Six Categories of Hardware Keyboard (input) CDs (storage) Video card (connecting) CPU Cable modem (telecommunications) Monitor (output)

Common Input Devices

Common Output Devices

Common Storage Devices Dinosaurs

Storage Types Magnetic Storage Media Magnetic Storage Media Hard disk – magnetic storage with one or more thin metal platters sealed inside the drive Hard disk – magnetic storage with one or more thin metal platters sealed inside the drive Optical Storage Media Optical Storage Media CDs and DVDs CDs and DVDs Flash Memory Devices & Cards Flash Memory Devices & Cards Flash memory device – USB Flash memory device – USB Flash memory card – SD, xD, Compact Flash, etc. Flash memory card – SD, xD, Compact Flash, etc.

Common Types of Flash Memory

Capacity of Storage Devices Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) – about 1 million bytes Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) – about 1 million bytes Gigabyte (GB or Gig) – about 1 billion bytes Gigabyte (GB or Gig) – about 1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB) – about 1 trillion bytes Terabyte (TB) – about 1 trillion bytes Petabyte (PB) – about 1 quadrillion bytes Petabyte (PB) – about 1 quadrillion bytes

CPU and RAM

CPU and Ram at Work SYSTEM BUS (data pathways)

CPU and RAM CPU and RAM work together to form the brain of your computer CPU and RAM work together to form the brain of your computer CPU speed measured in gigahertz (GHz) CPU speed measured in gigahertz (GHz) GHz – number of billions of CPU cycles per second GHz – number of billions of CPU cycles per second CPU (machine) cycle – retrieve, decode, and execute instruction, then return result to RAM if necessary CPU (machine) cycle – retrieve, decode, and execute instruction, then return result to RAM if necessary

CPU Components Control unit – directs what happens in the CPU and the rest of your computer Control unit – directs what happens in the CPU and the rest of your computer Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – performs arithmetic, comparison, and logic operations Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – performs arithmetic, comparison, and logic operations CPU cache – CPU memory where instructions wait until theyre needed CPU cache – CPU memory where instructions wait until theyre needed CPU clock – beats to keep instructions and information moving in synchronized fashion CPU clock – beats to keep instructions and information moving in synchronized fashion

System Bus System bus – electrical pathways that move information between motherboard components, especially between CPU and RAM System bus – electrical pathways that move information between motherboard components, especially between CPU and RAM

Connectors and Ports LEGACYPORTSLEGACYPORTS

Ports and Connectors Port – place on your system unit, monitor, or keyboard through which information and instructions flow to and from computer Port – place on your system unit, monitor, or keyboard through which information and instructions flow to and from computer Connector – something like a cable; can also be wireless Connector – something like a cable; can also be wireless

Common Ports & Connectors Serial Ethernet USB Firewire Parallel

Wireless Connections Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data association) – uses red light to send and receive information Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data association) – uses red light to send and receive information Bluetooth – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of 30 feet Bluetooth – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of 30 feet WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE a, b, g, or n – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of up to several miles WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE a, b, g, or n – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of up to several miles

Ports USB (universal serial bus) port – fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-swap USB connectors USB (universal serial bus) port – fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-swap USB connectors Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link) – fits hot-swap, plug-and-play Firewire connectors Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link) – fits hot-swap, plug-and-play Firewire connectors

Expansion Cards, Slots, & Bus

PC Card for a Notebook

Expansion Cards, Slots, & Bus Expansion card (board) – circuit board that you insert into the expansion slot and connect to a peripheral device Expansion card (board) – circuit board that you insert into the expansion slot and connect to a peripheral device Expansion slot – long skinny socket on the motherboard for expansion card Expansion slot – long skinny socket on the motherboard for expansion card Expansion bus – pathways along which information moves between devices (outside the motherboard) and the CPU Expansion bus – pathways along which information moves between devices (outside the motherboard) and the CPU

SOFTWARE Applications Applications General Purpose General Purpose Vertical Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Systems Systems Operating System Operating System Utilities Utilities

SOFTWARE – INTELLECTUAL INTERFACE Personal productivity software – helps you perform personal tasks Personal productivity software – helps you perform personal tasks Writing memos (word processing) Writing memos (word processing) Creating graphs (spreadsheet) Creating graphs (spreadsheet) Creating slide presentations (presentation) Creating slide presentations (presentation) Software suite – several applications bundled together (usually productivity software) Software suite – several applications bundled together (usually productivity software)

Vertical & Horizontal Market Software Vertical market software – application software for a specific industry Vertical market software – application software for a specific industry Patient-scheduling software Patient-scheduling software Restaurant management software Restaurant management software Horizontal market software – application software suitable for use in many industries Horizontal market software – application software suitable for use in many industries Payroll, inventory, and billing Payroll, inventory, and billing

System Software Operating system software Operating system software Microsoft Windows 7 – Microsofts latest personal computer operating system Microsoft Windows 7 – Microsofts latest personal computer operating system Microsoft Windows Vista – predecessor to 7 Microsoft Windows Vista – predecessor to 7 Microsoft Windows XP Home – predecessor to Vista Microsoft Windows XP Home – predecessor to Vista Microsoft Windows XP Pro – predecessor to Vista Microsoft Windows XP Pro – predecessor to Vista Mac OS – Operating system for Macs Mac OS – Operating system for Macs Linux – powerful open-source operating system Linux – powerful open-source operating system

Utility Software Utility Software – adds functionality to operating system software Utility Software – adds functionality to operating system software Anti-virus software – detects and removes or quarantines computer viruses Anti-virus software – detects and removes or quarantines computer viruses Crash-proof software – helps save information if your system crashes Crash-proof software – helps save information if your system crashes Uninstaller software – removes software from your hard disk Uninstaller software – removes software from your hard disk Disk optimization software – organizes information on your hard disk Disk optimization software – organizes information on your hard disk Spam blocker – filters unwanted Spam blocker – filters unwanted