Essential Question: How are Living Things alike yet Different? Ch. 15.1 Diversity of Life What Is Life? Essential Question: How are Living Things alike yet Different? What Are the Characteristics of All Living Things? Where Do Living Things Come From? What Do Living Things Need to Survive?

Ch. 15.1 Vocabulary Metabolism- The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials. Development- The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism. Asexual Reproduction- Reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to parent. Sexual Reproduction- Reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic materials to produce a new organism which differs from both parent. Spontaneous Generation- The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources. Autotroph- An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food. Heterotroph- An organism that cannot make its own food and gets food by consuming other living things.

What Are the Characteristics of All Living Things? Pg. 581 All organisms/living things, share 6 important characteristics. All living things have: cellular organization contain similar chemicals use energy respond to their surroundings grow and develop reproduce.

What Are the Characteristics of All Living Things? Pg. 582 All organisms are made up of cells. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in an organism. Single-celled organisms, like bacteria, are unicellular organisms. Organisms composed of many cells are multicellular. The chemicals in cells include: water, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Nucleic acids are the genetic material of cells. The combination of reactions that break down and build up materials to provide a cell with energy is metabolism.

Unicellular Multicellular Perform same tasks as Multicellular They move, eat, reproduce, and expel waste Example: Amoeba rely on variety of cells to perform cellular functions. They all work together as small cities (they all have specific jobs) Example: Animal & Plant cells

Characteristics of Living Things pg 582,583 cellular organization contain similar chemicals use energy respond to their surroundings grow and develop reproduce. Cells Basic unit structure Unicellular (bacteria) (basic functions to live) Multicellular (cells specialized to do certain tasks) e.i. : muscle nerve cells

What Are the Characteristics of All Living things? Pg. 583 A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react is called a stimulus. The organism’s reaction to a stimulus(with an action or change in behavior) is called a response. Development is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents.

Where Do Living Things Come From? Pg. 584 Living things arise from other living things through reproduction. The idea that living things could arise from nonliving things, or spontaneous generation, was proved incorrect by the controlled experiments of Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur, which were series of identical tests in which only one factor was a variable. Louis Pasteur Francesco Redi

Redi’s Experiment Francesco Redi designed one of the first controlled experiments. Redi showed that flies do not spontaneously arise from decaying meat.

Pasteur’s Experiment Louis Pasteur’s carefully controlled experiment demonstrated that bacteria arise only from existing bacteria.

Where Do Living Things Come From? Pg. 587 Regardless of size, all living things have the same basic needs. All living things must satisfy their basic: needs for food Water, Living space Stable internal conditions. Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. Organisms that cannot make their own food are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs. The maintenance of stable internal conditions is called homeostasis. Homeostasis is essential to proper cell functioning.