Post-Classical China.

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Post-Classical China

Dynasties During Post-Classical Sui - (581-616) – Reunited China after Post-Han warring period and built Grand Canal Tang – (618-907) – Established lasting state system, expanded borders, opposed Buddhism Song – (960-1279) – Incorporated Neo-Confucianism and foot binding Yuan – (1271-1368) – Kublai Khan and Mongol rule Ming - (1368-1662) – Han (Chinese) rule returns for the final time & Admiral Zheng He

Tang China (618-907) The Tang Dynasty inherited the united Chinese kingdom from the Sui With political and economic unity, the Tang setup a strong, lasting imperial state system, allowing China to thrive as a unified central government A new drought-resistant strain of rice (Champa Rice) was brought in from Vietnam, and population increased substantially during the Tang/Song The Tang emperors were also particularly anti-Buddhist, as Buddhism was a foreign religion/philosophy, and needed funds for expansion (gold) Edicts on Buddhism (800s) demanded monasteries pay taxes And destroyed shrines and idols, eradicating Buddhism in China

Song China The Song Dynasty was known for its official re-establishment of Neo-Confucianism (Han Yu) Neo-Confucianism reinstated the fundamentals of patriarchy, education, moral examples, and rituals to maintain social harmony after the impact of Buddhism and warring states It (and Tang) also allowed wealthy land-owning elites to further encroach on peasant lands, causing some discontent among the peasants Foot binding also started under the Song Dynasty, and it was a distinction of elite/high-class women (900s/1000s) It was seen as a form of feminine beauty, remaining small, fragile, and indoors, submissive to men

Tribute System – Han, Song and onward During the Tang and Song, China began to see itself as the most-civilized and enlightened kingdom in the world (The Middle Kingdom – center of civilization) This ‘Golden Age’ of imperial China also saw the incorporation of the Tribute System, which required submission of foreigners to trade Foreign envoys would send gifts of tribute and submission to the emperor, and if accepted, the emperor would allow trade and present bestowals (gifts) On occasion, the Tribute System was not used to show Chinese superiority Example: Xiongnu Nomads, and Mongols at times were seen as ‘equals’