Solving systems of equations EVM Substituion Elimination Graphing

Both equations SHOULD give you the same answer. Example: Chubby Bunny Barbara has a bunny that weighs 5 lbs and gains 3 lbs per year. Her cat weighs 19 lbs and 1 lbs per year. (a) When will the bunny and cat weigh the same amount? Write rules where x represents the number of years and y represents the weight of the animal. Since we want to know when the weights (y) are equal, the right sides need to be equal too. Both equations SHOULD give you the same answer. 7 years (b) How much do the cat and bunny weigh at this time? pounds Substitute the x from (a) into an equation:

Example: Equal Values Method (EVM) Solve the following system of equation algebraically: Both equations equal y. Set them equal to each other.

Solving Systems by Graphing: When solving a system by graphing: Find ordered pairs that satisfy each of the equations. Plot the ordered pairs and sketch the graphs of both equations on the same axis. The coordinates of the point or points of intersection of the graphs are the solution or solutions to the system of equations.

Solving Systems by Graphing: One solution Lines intersect No solution Lines are parallel Infinite number of solutions Coincide-Same line

Linear System in Two Variables Three possible solutions to a linear system in two variables: One solution: coordinates of a point No solutions: inconsistent case Infinitely many solutions: dependent case

2x – y = 2 x + y = -2 2x – y = 2 -y = -2x + 2 y = 2x – 2 x + y = -2 Different slope, different intercept!

3x + 2y = 3 3x + 2y = -4 3x + 2y = 3 2y = -3x + 3 y = -3/2 x + 3/2 Same slope, different intercept!!

x – y = -3 2x – 2y = -6 x – y = -3 -y = -x – 3 y = x + 3 2x – 2y = -6 Same slope, same intercept! Same equation!!

Substitution Method: 1. Solve one of the equations for one of the variables. 2. Substitute the expression found in step 1 into the other equation. 3. Now solve for the remaining variable. 4. Substitute the value from step 2 into the equation written in step 1, and solve for the remaining variable.

1. Solve the following system of equations by substitution. Step 1 is already completed. Step 2:Substitute x+3 into 2nd equation and solve. Step 3: Substitute –4 into 1st equation and solve. The answer: ( -4 , -1)

1) Solve the system using substitution x + y = 5 y = 3 + x Step 1: Solve an equation for one variable. The second equation is already solved for y! Step 2: Substitute x + y = 5 x + (3 + x) = 5 2x + 3 = 5 2x = 2 x = 1 Step 3: Solve the equation.

1) Solve the system using substitution x + y = 5 y = 3 + x x + y = 5 (1) + y = 5 y = 4 Step 4: Plug back in to find the other variable. (1, 4) (1) + (4) = 5 (4) = 3 + (1) Step 5: Check your solution. The solution is (1, 4). What do you think the answer would be if you graphed the two equations?

2) Solve the system using substitution 3y + x = 7 4x – 2y = 0 It is easiest to solve the first equation for x. 3y + x = 7 -3y -3y x = -3y + 7 Step 1: Solve an equation for one variable. Step 2: Substitute 4x – 2y = 0 4(-3y + 7) – 2y = 0

2) Solve the system using substitution 3y + x = 7 4x – 2y = 0 -12y + 28 – 2y = 0 -14y + 28 = 0 -14y = -28 y = 2 Step 3: Solve the equation. 4x – 2y = 0 4x – 2(2) = 0 4x – 4 = 0 4x = 4 x = 1 Step 4: Plug back in to find the other variable.

2) Solve the system using substitution 3y + x = 7 4x – 2y = 0 Step 5: Check your solution. (1, 2) 3(2) + (1) = 7 4(1) – 2(2) = 0

3-2: Solving Systems of Equations using Elimination Steps: 1. Place both equations in Standard Form, Ax + By = C. 2. Determine which variable to eliminate with Addition or Subtraction. 3. Solve for the variable left. 4. Go back and use the found variable in step 3 to find second variable. 5. Check the solution in both equations of the system.

5x + 3y = 11 5x = 2y + 1 EXAMPLE #1: STEP1: Write both equations in Ax + By = C form. 5x + 3y =1 5x - 2y =1 STEP 2: Use subtraction to eliminate 5x. 5x + 3y =11 5x + 3y = 11 -(5x - 2y =1) -5x + 2y = -1 Note: the (-) is distributed. STEP 3: Solve for the variable. 5x + 3y =11 -5x + 2y = -1 5y =10 y = 2

The solution to the system is (1,2). 5x + 3y = 11 5x = 2y + 1 STEP 4: Solve for the other variable by substituting into either equation. 5x + 3y =11 5x + 3(2) =11 5x + 6 =11 5x = 5 x = 1 The solution to the system is (1,2).

5x + 3y = 11 5x = 2y + 1 5(1) + 3(2) =11 5(1) = 2(2) + 1 5 + 6 =11 Step 5: Check the solution in both equations. The solution to the system is (1,2). 5x + 3y = 11 5(1) + 3(2) =11 5 + 6 =11 11=11 5x = 2y + 1 5(1) = 2(2) + 1 5 = 4 + 1 5=5

Example #2: x + y = 10 5x – y = 2 Step 1: The equations are already in standard form: x + y = 10 5x – y = 2 Step 2: Adding the equations will eliminate y. x + y = 10 x + y = 10 +(5x – y = 2) +5x – y = +2 Step 3: Solve for the variable. x + y = 10 +5x – y = +2 6x = 12 x = 2

Solution to the system is (2,8). x + y = 10 5x – y = 2 Step 4: Solve for the other variable by substituting into either equation. x + y = 10 2 + y = 10 y = 8 Solution to the system is (2,8).

x + y =10 5x – y =2 2 + 8 =10 5(2) - (8) =2 10 – 8 =2 10=10 2=2 Step 5: Check the solution in both equations. Solution to the system is (2,8). x + y =10 2 + 8 =10 10=10 5x – y =2 5(2) - (8) =2 10 – 8 =2 2=2

Solving a system of equations by elimination using multiplication. Step 1: Put the equations in Standard Form. Standard Form: Ax + By = C Step 2: Determine which variable to eliminate. Look for variables that have the same coefficient. Step 3: Multiply the equations and solve. Solve for the variable. Step 4: Plug back in to find the other variable. Substitute the value of the variable into the equation. Step 5: Check your solution. Substitute your ordered pair into BOTH equations.

1) Solve the system using elimination. 2x + 2y = 6 3x – y = 5 Step 1: Put the equations in Standard Form. They already are! None of the coefficients are the same! Find the least common multiple of each variable. LCM = 6x, LCM = 2y Which is easier to obtain? 2y (you only have to multiply the bottom equation by 2) Step 2: Determine which variable to eliminate.

1) Solve the system using elimination. 2x + 2y = 6 3x – y = 5 Multiply the bottom equation by 2 2x + 2y = 6 (2)(3x – y = 5) 8x = 16 x = 2 2x + 2y = 6 (+) 6x – 2y = 10 Step 3: Multiply the equations and solve. 2(2) + 2y = 6 4 + 2y = 6 2y = 2 y = 1 Step 4: Plug back in to find the other variable.

1) Solve the system using elimination. 2x + 2y = 6 3x – y = 5 (2, 1) 2(2) + 2(1) = 6 3(2) - (1) = 5 Step 5: Check your solution. Solving with multiplication adds one more step to the elimination process.

2) Solve the system using elimination. x + 4y = 7 4x – 3y = 9 Step 1: Put the equations in Standard Form. They already are! Find the least common multiple of each variable. LCM = 4x, LCM = 12y Which is easier to obtain? 4x (you only have to multiply the top equation by -4 to make them inverses) Step 2: Determine which variable to eliminate.

2) Solve the system using elimination. x + 4y = 7 4x – 3y = 9 Multiply the top equation by -4 (-4)(x + 4y = 7) 4x – 3y = 9) y = 1 -4x – 16y = -28 (+) 4x – 3y = 9 Step 3: Multiply the equations and solve. -19y = -19 x + 4(1) = 7 x + 4 = 7 x = 3 Step 4: Plug back in to find the other variable.

2) Solve the system using elimination. x + 4y = 7 4x – 3y = 9 (3, 1) (3) + 4(1) = 7 4(3) - 3(1) = 9 Step 5: Check your solution.

What is the first step when solving with elimination? Add or subtract the equations. Multiply the equations. Plug numbers into the equation. Solve for a variable. Check your answer. Determine which variable to eliminate. Put the equations in standard form.

Which variable is easier to eliminate? 3x + y = 4 4x + 4y = 6 x y 6 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

3) Solve the system using elimination. 3x + 4y = -1 4x – 3y = 7 Step 1: Put the equations in Standard Form. They already are! Find the least common multiple of each variable. LCM = 12x, LCM = 12y Which is easier to obtain? Either! I’ll pick y because the signs are already opposite. Step 2: Determine which variable to eliminate.

3) Solve the system using elimination. 3x + 4y = -1 4x – 3y = 7 Multiply both equations (3)(3x + 4y = -1) (4)(4x – 3y = 7) x = 1 9x + 12y = -3 (+) 16x – 12y = 28 Step 3: Multiply the equations and solve. 25x = 25 3(1) + 4y = -1 3 + 4y = -1 4y = -4 y = -1 Step 4: Plug back in to find the other variable.

3) Solve the system using elimination. 3x + 4y = -1 4x – 3y = 7 (1, -1) 3(1) + 4(-1) = -1 4(1) - 3(-1) = 7 Step 5: Check your solution.

What is the best number to multiply the top equation by to eliminate the x’s? 3x + y = 4 6x + 4y = 6 -4 -2 2 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32