Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law American Civics 2/17/2019 Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law Section 1: Crime in the United States Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Section 3: Juvenile Crime Chapter 16

Section 1: Crime in the United States The Main Idea When a person breaks a law, it is called a crime. There are several types of crimes and a variety of reasons why people commit crimes. Reading Focus What are five different types of crime? What are four possible causes of crime? How do we fight crime in the United States?

Crimes against persons: Section 1: Crime in the United States Crimes against persons: Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape

Crime against property: Section 1: Crime in the United States Crime against property: The majority of crimes Involves stealing or destroying property—petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson Robbery involves property and persons.

Different types of crime: Section 1: Crime in the United States https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVmqjbsCZU4 Different types of crime: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0qD2K2RWkc Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, vandalism, arson, robbery Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice Victimless—crimes that only directly hurt the person committing them; gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool

Causes of crime: Section 1: Crime in the United States Poverty Illegal drug use Permissive society Urbanization

Fighting crime: Section 1: Crime in the United States 1994—National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and new jails. Crime prevention education is taught in some schools.

SECTION 1 Question: What are the different types of crime? Types of Crime victimless crimes organized crimes white-collar crimes

Section 2: The Criminal Justice System The Main Idea Police officers arrest people believed to be breaking the law. An accused person must be tried and, if found guilty, punished. Reading Focus What is the role of police officers in the criminal justice system? What is the function of the courts after a suspect has been arrested? How does our corrections system punish lawbreakers?

Police Officers Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violators Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members

Police Officers (continued) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo2Mca3yzcY Section 2: The Criminal Justice System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfi3Ndh3n-g&app=desktop Police Officers (continued) Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required. Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills.

After a suspect is arrested: Section 2: The Criminal Justice System After a suspect is arrested: Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning. Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges dropped or trial is set; bail set Indictment—a formal charge is made Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes

Punishing lawbreakers: Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Punishing lawbreakers: Fines Imprisonment (People hold different views of its purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.) Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.) Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.)

What happens after a suspect is arrested? SECTION 2 Question: What happens after a suspect is arrested? Suspect is arrested Suspect is booked Preliminary hearing Sentenced Trial Arraignment Indictment

Section 3: Juvenile Crime The Main Idea Most states prefer to handle juvenile, or young, criminals differently than adult criminals, but for some crimes this practice is changing. Reading Focus What is juvenile crime? What are some possible causes of juvenile crime? How does the judicial system handle juveniles who break the law? What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law?

Possible causes of juvenile crime: Section 3: Juvenile Crime Possible causes of juvenile crime: Poor home conditions Poor neighborhood conditions Gang membership Dropping out of school and unemployment Alcohol and drugs Peer pressure

The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: Section 3: Juvenile Crime The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: Prior to late 1800s—Juveniles at least seven years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death. 1870s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding. Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders.

Section 3: Juvenile Crime The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued) Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders. 1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process. Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.

Juveniles charged and found guilty https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqfYmBKubHU Section 3: Juvenile Crime Juveniles charged and found guilty may be placed in a foster home. may be sent to a corrections facility like a training school. may be given probation. may be sent to a boot camp. Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly.

SECTION 3 Question: What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law? juvenile correctional facility probation Juvenile Punishment Options boot camp placement in a training school

Chapter 16 Wrap-Up 1. Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime. 2. What are some causes of crime? 3. What steps does a criminal suspect go through from the time of arrest to the time of sentencing? 4. What are the punishments that a convicted criminal faces? 5. What are the possible causes of juvenile delinquency? 6. What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile guilty of a crime?