Events Leading up to The Civil War

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the conflict that erupted over the proposed statehood of Missouri. Do Now: Read the following quote by Abraham Lincoln. “‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease too be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it…or its (supporters) will push it forward till it shall become…lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South.” What point is Lincoln making about the future faced by the United States?

Balance of Free and Slave States (1819) The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York Virginia New Hampshire North Carolina Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Delaware Balance of Free and Slave States (1819) Original 13 States Free States Slave States

Balance of Free and Slave States (1821) Missouri Compromise 1820 I. Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state. Maine (1820) Missouri (1821) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York Virginia New Hampshire North Carolina Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Delaware Original 13 States Free States Slave States

II. An imaginary line was drawn across the southern border of Missouri at the latitude 36 30'N. 36 , 30’

IV. Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri. III. Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the latitude 36 , 30'N. IV. Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri. Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

36 , 30’ According to the Missouri Compromise, would the following states be allowed to become slave states? Kentucky NO

36 , 30’ According to the Missouri Compromise, would the following states be allowed to become slave states? Kansas NO

36 , 30’ According to the Missouri Compromise, would the following states be allowed to become slave states? Utah YES

36 , 30’ According to the Missouri Compromise, would the following states be allowed to become slave states? Missouri YES

The United States Senate, A.D. 1850. Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Compromise of 1850. Do Now: Why were Northern states against adding Missouri to the Union, and how was the conflict resolved? The United States Senate, A.D. 1850.

Slave States Free States Original 13 States California (1850) Wisconsin (1848) Texas (1845) Iowa (1846) Florida (1845) Michigan (1837) Arkansas (1836) Maine (1820) Missouri (1821) Slave States Free States Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York Virginia New Hampshire North Carolina Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Delaware Original 13 States

Compromise of 1850

IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed. Compromise of 1850 I. California became a free state. II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM). * people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide on the slavery issue III. The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C. IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.

The Fugitive Slave Law • All Americans, by law, were required to help catch runaway slaves. • You could be fined and/or imprisoned for helping a runaway slave. • This law infuriated northerners! Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21 and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the right side of the table.

There are two bullets on your note sheet- IT IS a misprint NO NOTES TO GO WITH THESE BULLETS

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Kansas – Nebraska Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act * The Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the Missouri Compromise. Both territories were north of 36,30’N and should NOT have been allowed to have slaves!

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 I. The Nebraska Territory was divided into two parts: Nebraska (NE) and Kansas (KS).

Kansas-Nebraska Act II. The people of each territory voted on whether or not to allow slavery. (popular sovereignty)

Before the vote on slavery: IN: Summarize facts below “Bleeding Kansas” Before the vote on slavery: • Northerners crossed the border to keep KS a free state. • Southerners crossed the border to make KS a slave state. • Both sides claimed victory on the vote! Violence broke out, and essentially there was a small civil war

Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder fled the territory disguised as a woodcutter because the proslavery Border Ruffians threatened to hang him.

George S. Park, the founder of Parkville, Missouri, and owner of the Parkville Luminary newspaper, dared to speak out against the actions of the "Border Ruffians."  As a result, they took revenge by  breaking into the newspaper office and throwing the printing press into the nearby Missouri River.

Pearl-handled sword of Col Pearl-handled sword of Col. Henry Theodore Titus, leader of pro-slavery forces during “Bleeding Kansas”. Kansas Museum of History.

John Brown was particularly affected by the sacking of Lawrence, in which a sheriff-led posse destroyed newspaper offices, a hotel, and killed two men, as well as by the brutal beating of anti-slavery Senator Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks. (Sumner had given a speech to the U.S. Senate and in retaliation, Brooks caned him nearly to death.)

* Over 200 people died in the fighting that followed. * In 1856, an abolitionist named John Brown murdered five proslavery men. * Over 200 people died in the fighting that followed. John Brown lived in Osawatomie, Kansas Territory.  He was famous for being an abolitionist (a person opposed to slavery).  Brown and his sons were responsible for the brutal murder of several proslavery men near Pottawatomie, Kansas.  The men were called out of their homes at night and hacked to death with swords.  This was just one of many incidents that earned Kansas Territory the name of "Bleeding Kansas."

In May 1858, proslavery settlers executed a group of their free state neighbors along the Marais de Cygne river in southeastern Kansas Territory.  This event became known as the Marais de Cygne Massacre.