Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Microbiology –Unit 3 Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Introduction - Cells All living organisms have cells Basic unit of structure Large organisms – many cells Cells are organized into: Tissues Organs Systems

Classification of Organisms Eukaryotes - All multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms (except 2) Examples: mammals, fish, plants, fungi, algae and protozoa - Prokaryotes - Only bacteria and cyanobacteria

Definitions -Prokaryote: - Simple cell - No nucleus - No organelles - Only cell membrane

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Definitions Eukaryote: - Complex cell - Has a nucleus - Has organelles - Has cell membrane

Prokaryotes - Very Small Cells - Cell wall – gives shape and protection - Cell membrane - lines cell wall and regulates molecular traffic - Nucleoid region – Area where single strand of DNA is – not membrane bound

Prokaryotes - Very Small Cells -Cytoplasm – Contains a soup of chemicals, plus ribosomes - All cell activities occur here -Flagella – Not all bacteria have them – If they do it is a single strand of protein

Eukaryotes –Larger Cells - Cell Wall (if present) – gives shape and protection - Cell Membrane – lines the cell wall and regulates molecular traffic - Nucleus – contains double stranded DNA organized into chromosomes, and RNA, all within a nuclear membrane

Eukaryotes –Larger Cells Cytoplasm - soup of chemicals for all cell activities, that contains membrane-bound organelles - Flagella – If present, it is a more complex, cable-like arrangement of protein strands Euglena